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ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT. RESTRUCTURING AND RESTORATION

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE STUDY OF URBAN PLANNING

Вестник МГСУ 8/2012
  • Mezentsev Sergey Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Department of Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 26 - 33

The author considers one of the most relevant theoretical problems of urban planning - philosophical
and scientifi c methodology of research. The tasks of research involve the analysis and
identifi cation of the essence of systematic, synergistic, socio-humanistic, ecological and cybernetic
approaches and their general academic signifi cance, particularly, in the fi eld of urban planning.
The systematic approach. The unity of the technological system, the strategy of the system
behavior, and the design consistency, etc. - these are the core constituents of new methods of
technical thinking. If resolution of minor technological problems and development of small systems
lead to differentiation of knowledge and to growing specialization of research, development of major
systems leads to integration and synthesis of knowledge. This integration may be illustrated by the
urban planning which incorporates design development, implementation, testing and operation of
multi-component systems.
The synergеtic approach. The synergеtic approach is employed to study the urban environment
and culture as well as their development. It encompasses the phenomena which are considered
by the systematic approach as unimportant or minor facts, namely, random connections,
volatile relationships, brevity of their existence, spontaneity, etc. These phenomena are based on
the fact that the urban community is heterogeneous; it is composed of multiple separate individuals
and social groups.
The socio-humanistic approach. Modern scientifi c theories are not not only to contribute to
the analysis of the current situation, but also to contribute to the process of formation of the technical
activity on the basis of the principle of humanism. Contemporary engineers fi nd a connection
between technical components and processes with non-technical ones, including human factors,
organizational structures, socio-cultural processes, etc.
The ecological approach. Further development of technologies, namely, construction-related
technologies, should be based on the understanding of their nature as self-suffi cient values and follow
the laws of the social ecology to improve the environment and to avoid numerous anthropogenic
and environmental disasters. Therefore, before any urban planning project is implemented, each
environmental consequence is to be considered in relation to man and society.
The cybernetic approach. Any contemporary activity in the fi eld of technology, including urban
planning, should be based on the management principles developed within the framework of sociology,
including social foresight, social prediction, social planning and social technologies.
In contrast to many other sciences, which succeed in the sphere of methodology of research,
urban planning does not always meet up-to-date requirements. The author believes that there is a
need of adherence to the above methods in urban planning. The author argues that the result of
their application at the stage of urban design will substantially reduce any negative effects at the
stage of construction and operation of technical facilities.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.8.26 - 33

Библиографический список
  1. Bertalanfi L. fon. Obshchaya teoriya sistem — kriticheskiy obzor [General Theory of Systems: Critical Review]. Issledovaniya po obshchey teorii sistem [Research of the General Theory of Systems]. Collected translations. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1969, pp. 23—82.
  2. Blauberg I.V., Yudin E.G. Stanovlenie i sushchnost’ sistemnogo podkhoda [Formation and Essence of the Systems Approach]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973, 270 p.
  3. Liseev I.K., Sadovskiy V.N., editors. Sistemnyy podkhod v sovremennoy nauke [The Systems Approach to Modern Science]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 2004, 560 p.
  4. Khaken G. Sinergetika: Ierarkhii neustoychivostey v samoorganizuyushchikhsya sistemakh i ustroystvakh. [Synergetics: Instability Hierarchies of Self-Organizing Systems and Devices]. Moscow, Mir Publ., 1985, 423 p.
  5. Veber M. Izbrannoe. Obraz obshchestva [Selected Works. The Image of the Society]. Moscow, Yurist Publ., 1994, 704 p.
  6. Veber M. Issledovaniya po metodologii nauki [Studies of the Methodology of Science]. Moscow, INION AN SSSR Publ., 1980, 202 p.
  7. Kommoner B. Zamykayushchiysya krug: priroda, chelovek, tekhnologiya. [The Closed Circle: Nature, Man and Technology]. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat Publ., 1974, 272 p.
  8. Viner N. Kibernetika, ili upravlenie i svyaz’ v zhivotnom i mashine [Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and in the Machine]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1983, 433 p.
  9. Lenk Kh. Razmyshleniya o sovremennoy tekhnike [Refl ections on Modern Technology]. Moscow, Aspekt Publ., 1996, p. 55—56.
  10. Gusakov A.A. Sistemotekhnika stroitel’stva [Systems Engineering of Construction]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1993, 368 p.
  11. Glazychev V.L. Gorodskaya sreda. Tekhnologiya razvitiya: nastol’naya kniga [The Urban Environment. Technology of Development: a Handbook]. Moscow, Lad’ya Publ., 1995. p. 20.
  12. Rozin V.M. Gorodskaya kul’tura, chelovek, okruzhayushchaya sreda (Filosofskometodologicheskie problemy gradostroitel’nogo proektirovaniya) [Urban Culture, Man, Environment (Philosophical and Methodological Problems of Urban Design)] Voprosy filosofi i [Issues of Philosophy]. 1980, no. 1, pp. 53—62.
  13. Pochegina L.F. Mezhdunarodnaya khartiya po arkhitekturnomu obrazovaniyu i gumanizatsiya arkhitektury [International Charter for Architectural Education and Humanization of Architecture]. International Conference. Integration, Partnership and Innovations in Civil Engineering Sciences and Education. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, vol. 2, pp. 750—751.
  14. Fromm E. Imet’ ili byt’? [To Have or to Be?]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2000, 448 p.
  15. Skvortsova L.M. Sotsial’noe prostranstvo goroda: ekologicheskie proekty budushchego [The Social Space of the City: Ecological Projects of the Future]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 414—418.
  16. Fokina Z.T. Tendentsiya urbanizatsii i izuchenie ekologii goroda [Trend for Urbanization and Study of the Urban Ecology]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2, vol. 2, pp. 253—259.
  17. Gusakov A.A. Sistemotekhnika [Systems Engineering]. Moscow, Novoe Tysyacheletie Publ., 2002, p. 22.
  18. Voronin V.A. Dekompozitsiya metodologicheskikh osnov proektnogo upravleniya v stroitel’stve [Decomposition of Methodological Principles of Project Management in Construction]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 4, pp. 530—534.
  19. Slavgorodskaya A.N. Upravlenie tipovymi proektami pri realizatsii gorodskikh stroitel’nykh programm v Moskve [Management of Model Projects for Urban Construction Programs in Moscow]. Conference. Integration, Partnership and Innovations in Civil Engineering Sciences and Education. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2011, vol. 1, pp. 740—741.
  20. Toshchenko Zh.T. Sotsiologiya. Obshchiy kurs. [Sociology. General Course]. Moscow, Prometey: Yurayt-M Publ., 2001, 511 p.

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Past, Present and Future of Settlements whose Development is Associated with the Mineral Resource Extraction (a Case Study of Kuzbass)

Вестник МГСУ 2/2018 Том 13
  • Samoylova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University Of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) expert of the Government of the Russian Federation, adviser of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN), Associate Professor, Department of Urban Planning, Moscow State University Of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.

Страницы 155-169

Subject: urban development in Russia does not fully ensure the sustainable development of the territories of settlements, the formation of which is associated with mining activity. In this research, we present modern solutions to the current urban development situation: recultivation, renovation, revitalization. Research objectives: identify features of the analysis and accounting of territorial-construction resource during the mining period and after completion of mining, which characterize the conditions for sustainable development of territories. Materials and methods: open cartographic sources, urban planning documents and state statistical information are analyzed. General scientific methods (including historical retrospective and comparative analysis) and a special interdisciplinary geoinformation system method are used. Results: we compiled cartographic schemes of the historical retrospective of the condition of Kuzbass settlements over a period of more than 150 years since the beginning of industrial coal mining and a cartographic scheme of resource features of the subsoil of Kuzbass region (coal). We systematized the collocation of settlements, their zones of influence and territories damaged as a result of coal mining activities within the existing built-up area inside the urban boundaries of the coal mining area. We developed schemes, formulas and conditions that take into account the peculiar properties of the territorial-construction resource (TCR) in the coal mining areas during and after completion of coal mining. Conclusions: the results of the study supplement the knowledge of organization of urban planning for the development of settlement groups in the mining areas at the pre-project stage. These results ensure adoption of new functional and technological solutions, taking into account the historically developed settlement system based on TCR within urban boundaries (for example, a typological territorial object is the coal mining area), and contribute to the justification and promotion of urban policies aimed at the sustainable development of territories with mineral deposits.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.2.155-169

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The influence of city planning on the emergence of heat islands in megacities with a tropical climate (Hanoi)

Вестник МГСУ 2/2019 Том 14
  • Le Minh Tuan - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) postgraduate student of Department of Architecture, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.

Страницы 148-157

Introduction. Rapid urbanization causes critical changes in global, as well as changes in earth surface temperature. The transformation of land use purposes significantly affects the surface temperature and exacerbates the effect of the negative heat island. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study to optimize urban cooling. Gives town-planning recommendations for limiting the negative impact of urban heat islands (UHI) on human. Analyzing urban and suburban planning in the city of Hanoi, the author proposes the use of certain town-planning principles that contribute to reducing the effect UHI. Materials and methods. This study is focused on green space using as a means of combating environmental problems due to the effect of urban heat island and creating a favorable urban ecological environment. The definition of the relationship between the ratio of green spaces and a decrease in temperature is given. The analysis was taken from 21 green spaces of the city of Hanoi. Results. The study showed a relationship between the intensity of heat reduction and the shape indicator of green space - a linear inverted system and the positive effect of the green zone on reducing the effects of heat island. Conclusions. One of the most important tasks of a city planner is the placement and adjustment of industrial zones of the city, the main transport arteries of the city, meaning that the placement and planning of industrial, residential and public territories, and also the system of roads depends on the formation of “heat islands”, which in the tropical climate of Vietnam, adversely affects human health.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2019.2.148-157

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Principles of managing ecologically safe architectural reconstruction of the territories affected by waste disposal of different genesis

Вестник МГСУ 7/2014
  • Potapov Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Vorontsov Evgeniy Anatol'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Tupitsyna Ol'ga Vladimirovna - Samara State Technical University (SSTU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Docent, Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Technologies and Industrial Ecology, Samara State Technical University (SSTU), 244 Molodogvardeiskay str., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Sukhonosova Anna Nikolaevna - Samara State Technical University (SSTU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Chemical Technologies and Industrial Ecology, Samara State Technical University (SSTU), 244 Molodogvardeiskay str., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Savel'ev Aleksey Aleksandrovich - Samara State Technical University (SSTU) postgraduate student, Department of Chemical Technologies and Industrial Ecology, Samara State Technical University (SSTU), 244 Molodogvardeiskay str., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Grishin Boris Mikhaylovich - Penza State University of Architecture and Construction (PSUAC) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Water Supply, Water Disposal and Hydrotechnics, Penza State University of Architecture and Construction (PSUAC), 28 Germana Titova str., Penza, 440028, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Chertes Konstantin L'vovich - Samara State Technical University (SSTU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Chemical Technologies and Industrial Ecology, Samara State Technical University (SSTU), 244 Molodogvardeiskay str., Samara, 443100, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 110-132

Russia as well as the majority of the countries of the world is a highly urbanized country (according to expert opinion 70 % of the country population are citizens). The situation is worsening by the fact that in Russia, as well as in the majority of European countries, USA and Canada, great territories not occupied with agriculture are almost fully littered with industrial and consumer waste - including from solid municipal waste to highly toxic and radioactive. Generally about 9 bln tones of waste are accumulated in Russia, which includes 1.5 bln tones of dangerous waste. Basing on the analysis of more than 100 waste disposal objects in Samara region the authors showed that within its boundaries 17 landfills are situated, which after deactivation are potentially suitable as donors of recultivation materials: secondary mineral soils and soil substitutes. Moreover the separate remediated territories of can serve as sets for constructing waste neutralization complexes. The ideas presented in this work were used for estimating the state and justifying the methods of landfill recultivation in Zhigulevsk (Samara region).

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.7.110-132

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  18. Tupitsyna O.V., Chertes K.L., Mikhaylov E.V., Garnets N.A. Issledovanie massivov organomineral'nykh otkhodov pri vybore napravleniy ikh rekul'tivatsii [Investigation of Organo-Mineral Waste Soils in Case of Choosing their Recultivation Directions]. Problemy vyzhivaniya cheloveka v tekhnogennoy srede sovremennykh gorodov: sbornik trudov 21 Vserossiyskogo kongressa «Ekologiya i zdorov'e cheloveka» [Human Survival Problems in Anthropogenic Environment of Modern Cities: Collection of Works of the 21st All-Russian Congress “Ecology and Human Health”]. Samara, 2006, pp. 270—274.
  19. Tupitsyna O.V., Chertes K.L., Bykov D.E., Mikhaylov E.V. Geoekologicheskie napravleniya rekul'tivatsii neorganizovannykh ob"ektov razmeshcheniya organo-mineral'nykh otkhodov [Geoecological Directions of Recultivation of Unorganized Organo-Mineral Waste Landfill Objects]. VeystTek—2007: sbornik dokladov V Mezhdunarodnogo kongressa po upravleniyu otkhodami i prirodookhrannymi tekhnologiyami [VeystTek—2007: Collection of Works of the 5th International Congress on Waste Management and Environmental Technologies]. Moscow, 2007, pp. 173—175.
  20. Chertes K.L., Mikhaylov E.V., Tupitsyna O.V., Malinovskiy A.S. Utilizatsiya osadkov stochnykh vod na ob"ektakh razmeshcheniya otkhodov [Sewage Sludge Utilization on Landfill Facilities]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost' Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2008, no. 5, pp. 36—40.
  21. Tupitsyna O.V. Kompleksnaya geoekologicheskaya sistema issledovaniya i vosstanovleniya tekhnogenno narushennykh territoriy [Complex Geoecological System of Investigation and Remediation of Technogenic Disordered Territories]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost' Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 35—38.

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Academic visibility for urban planning and the webometric future

Вестник МГСУ 3/2015
  • Sanchez Thomas W. - Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) Ph.D., Professor, Urban Affairs and Planning Program, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), 140 Otey Street, NW, Blacksburg, VA 24060, United States; 540-231-5425; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 119-137

The author focuses on the analysis problems of the main metrics of scientific productivity for the faculty in the USA universities specializing in the investigations and teaching in the field of urban planning. The increasing role of the Internet is highlighted in the process of communicating the ideas of planning scientists to the professionals and public, extending the reach of academic communications and possibilities of estimating the quality of the investigations and impact. Using case study the methods of applying webometrics for citation analysis in the Internet are investigated. The analysis focused on the main criteria: productivity, visibility, reputation, and impact. The article proposes an expanded approach for estimating general scientific popularity and impact of academics in the Internet, which includes publication analysis in frames of “gray literature”, teaching and outreach activity, which may also be a significant part of the scientific activity. The author stated the importance of academic visibility estimation both for promotion, improving competitiveness of a faculty member on the labor market in the sphere of educational services, and for urban planning schools’ development in general, raising their reputation, prestige and impact, getting the opportunities for financed researches, consolidating the positions on the global educational and science market.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.3.119-137

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Basic formation and realization problems of urban policy

Вестник МГСУ 4/2014
  • Skiba Alisa Anatol’evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate student, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .
  • Ginzburg Aleksandr Vital’evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) (National Research University) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, chair, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) (National Research University), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 172-180

The article focuses on the problems that arise in the process of urban development of areas planning, their solutions (improvement and transformation of settlement system, in which case we should base on the new geopolitical situation in the country, the development and modernization of transport and communication infrastructure, where it is necessary to consider both the internal needs of the state and external ones) in order to think about possible ways of problem solutions in major cities, as well as the main directions of urban development reforms. The main objectives of the urban development policy are the development of social and economic level of small towns, activities for the conservation of historical, cultural and natural heritage of Russia, the use of modern theories of urban planning, the development of research in this area (both abstract and applied), conducting statistical base of urban development activities). The authors describe the schemes of entry into long-term ownership of land under the current system of urban regulation and the system based on zoning, which acts in real estate market conditions. Among other things, the article offers an idea of the method of socio-controlled planning, which supposes the development plans of the city's buildings and areas, different urban systems (based on the analysis of the existing problems and the needs that must be met).

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.4.172-180

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Modern trends in town-planning science in terms of spatial planning

Вестник МГСУ 11/2013
  • Samoylova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) councellor, Central Office of the Government of the Russian Federation, councellor, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Building Design and Urban Planning, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26, Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 210-217

In the article the present stages of the urban planning development of the territory in non-classical and post-neoclassical science are discussed. The author carries out the judgment on the evolution of one of the directions of urban planning activity — the spatial planning. Three aspects of urban planning science (knowledge system, professional activity, social institute) are considered. The Author makes an attempt to define the role and position of town-planning science in a complex of interdependent and interacting branches of science.Sociocultural conditions of spatial planning development in the USSR are stated. Distinctive characteristics of the Russian urban planning process (economic, sociological and legal) are specified. The author offers the terminological comparison of definitions used in science in the sphere of urban planning development of the territories. The ambiguity of interpretation of the Russian term «town planning» and English term «spatial planning» and «regional planning» is specified.It is offered to consider spatial planning as complex scientific knowledge which operates the tools of synergetics. The theoretical formation model of the spatial environment of a settlement is taken for a basis. This model was developed by the Doctor of Architecture, professor Yu.V. Alekseev as a system of 4 organized objects: I —space of a closed construction (buildings and structures), II — space of an open construction, the organized urban planning space (spatial planning), III – the earth; IV — space of above ground territories; together with the differentiated functional processes, functions and factors.The purpose of the scientific research conducted by the author is to receive new knowledge in order to improve the theoretical model as a universal development project of settlements in the given territory, applicable in any concrete situation, allowing to solve all the problems by available means in the best way.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.210-217

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The history of the construction and reconstruction of the Yaroslavsky station

Вестник МГСУ 8/2018 Том 13
  • Posvyatenko Yulia V. - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Historical Sciences, Associate Professor, senior lecturer of the Department of History and Philosophy; ORCID: 0000-0002-1594-6128., Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 912-923

Subject: the subject of this research is the extension of the history of the Yaroslavsky Station building and its interiors’ reconstruction and restoration caused by changes in the cultural and historical development of Russia. Objective: to generalize the scattered data related to the Yaroslavsky station building construction and reconstruction; to find out what the impact of external conditions related to the various periods of development of Russian history and culture on the appearance of the station was; to find actual materials about restorers’ actions in the last decades; to trace the change in the functional peculiarities of the station. Methods: the methodology of the article is based on the principles of objectivity, consistency and historicism. With the help of historical and genetic method, the conditions that gave birth to the need to create the station, the reasons that contributed to the constant changes in the design of the building, its interiors and their content were examined. The functioning of the station building in a capital city was described by systematization of separate materials, generalization and analysis of data from various sources. Results: the main result was the statement that the Yaroslavsky station, being an important public building, retains significant changes in the development of Russian society in its history and appearance and reflects new ideas implemented in construction practice. Significant changes in the appearance and scale of the station building were noted; they occurred after the revolutionary events of 1917, the victory in the Great Patriotic War, the increase in passenger flow in the 1960s and attempts to restore the elements of historical interiors and exteriors of the station of the Shekhtel’s reconstruction time since the 1990s. The actual materials for the reconstruction and restoration of the station building in last decades, the expansion of the functions of the station premises, as well as the prospects for the development of work in this direction were elicited from various sources. Conclusion: the interesting experience of construction and reconstruction of the Yaroslavsky station allows saving and positioning of the most valuable elements of the building, designed by outstanding architects, tracing the nature of the semantic and engineering changes. The materials complement our ideas about the mutual influence of the transport system development and public consciousness on the architecture of the railway stations. The prospects for the preservation of the cultural heritage and the expansion of its functions are shown.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.8.912-923

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