"Вестник МГСУ"

Subject: management of operating modes of road-building machines, taking into account the implementation of the concept of information modeling of the road. We have reviewed the status and the development problems for directions of improving the control systems of road-construction machine processes. In this work we focus on the road construction stage “laying asphalt-concrete - compaction”, the effective control of which can lead to significant improvement in the quality of road surfaces, increase of durability and reduction of defects in pavements. Research objectives: rationale and directions of realization of the concept of intellectualization of the road construction management. Materials and methods: analysis of the shortcomings of construction of asphalt-concrete pavements, analysis of the methods of workflow management of road-building machines. Results: we have substantiated the methodological background for the development of intellectual control systems of road-building machines. Conclusions: we considered possible ways of introducing the concept of intellectualization of management systems for road-building machines.

Modern humanity development is impossible without scientific and technological progress, energy, industry, transport. Despite the fact that industrialization and the constant increase of production capacity have helped people to expand their limits significantly, we should not forget that today our dependence on the established infrastructure is steadily increasing. It is most vivid in case of natural hazards or disasters, which lead to disruption of normal living conditions. Any of these negative phenomena is called "emergency situation". However, the occurrence of emergency situations in life support systems leads to the following negative consequences: disorganization of life support systems functioning on the object, local, regional, national levels; exclusion or complete destruction life support systems; partial or complete reduction of the opportunities for ensuring the needs of the population; danger to life and health of the population. Despite the considerable number of scientific publications, many theoretical and methodological aspects of creating mechanisms and resistance patterns of objects and systems require further investigation that is due to: the possibility of emergency situations doesn’t decrease; acceleration of scientific and technical progress; existing threat of war together with the continuous improvement of weapons; threat of terrorist acts, etc. The authors present a research of the opportunity to construct a sustainability model of life support systems under different emergency situations in respect of modern current trends in the development of information-analytical systems and principles of systems engineering approach. The development of a general stability model, in that case, must consider common sequence of actions, ranging from signs of disaster to the recommendations for eliminating its consequences for life support systems, and the issues of effective interaction between individual subsystems involved in this process at all stages.

The article describes the formation and implementation of virtual organizational structures for construction companies. We consider the components of virtual enterprises, the process of their integration and organization of system connections. Particular attention is paid to the method of forming the qualitative and quantitative elements of virtual structures.The introduction of virtual building production systems implies increased automation and the use of modern equipment in the offices of project participants and on construction sites, where the majority of technological operations is performed. Creating a virtual organizational structure requires a detailed study of all aspects of the future enterprise, no matter how long it will be functioning and what goals were set. Having determined the participants and the basic scheme of the virtual organizational structure, it is necessary put question of hardware and software.Obvious is the fact that the construction industry in our country is in need of highquality optimization and automation of the technological process components. Any innovation requires high-quality information base for successful implementation and operation in the given industry.

In this paper, the authors propose an approach to identification of the optimal structure of an automatic control system using CAD. The approach is based on the introduction of an abstract characteristic of reliability of control systems to take account of heterogeneity of versatile engineering systems designated for sustainable buildings.Application of the proposed method of selection of an automatic control system designed for CAD algorithms helps determine reliability as an abstract characteristic of an automatic control system.Integration of the above algorithm into the CAD system will ensure selection of automatic control engineering systems of buildings with account for the critical values of control systems with reference to particular buildings.

In this article, the authors present their original algorithm for the methodology of the efficiency assessment of distributed intelligent power management systems of construction facilities in the context of arbitrary limitation of resources.The method is designated for the analysis of implemented design solutions, and it applies to the systems engineering, classification and management of processes, let alone the evaluation of the efficiency of implemented designs.At first, the engineering systems are identified and described. Then, the processes are split into processes that accompany changes in the the parameters of a building and the management processes that accompany changes in the parameters of a building. For each process, the percentage of the total energy consumption is calculated.The coefficient of intelligence and building automation is based on the percentage of the total energy consumption. Further, the coefficient of efficiency of the implemented management system is identified. Therefore, the method helps to assess the effectiveness of a distributed intelligent power management system, and it may also be employed to minimize the impact of biased factors, such as peer reviews.

In this article, the algorithm underlying the methodology for construction of distributed intelligent power management systems applicable to construction facilities in the context of arbitrary limitation of resources is considered by the authors. The methodology consist of a sequence of operations, including the analysis of design solutions in terms of the systems engineering, identification of their energy consumption rate, assessment of the feasibility of actions aimed at the automation or organization of an intelligent management system.The authors consider the algorithm of the calculation of specific energy consumption rate of each engineering system, as well as the calculation of acceptable process losses (based on the regional standards).After that, the most power-intensive engineering systems are identified. First, conversion of true values of measurement of energy consumption in tons of oil equivalent must be performed to assure the unbiased evaluation of the power consumption rate of engineering systems, irrespectively of the energy nature. Thereafter, the power consumption rate of management systems is calculated, and their degree of automation is assessed from the viewpoint of its technical and financial efficiency. The final step consists in the preparation of design specifications and estimates.

The paper deals with optimization of the process of purification and desulfonation of the flue gas in industrial and environmental systems.The objects of the research are industrial and environmental systems producing gypsum. The research presents the modes, methods and control circuits of the systems operation in order to monitor the quality of byproduct and end product. Also the subject of the research is the analysis and synthesis of organizational and technical solutions and the development of the methods for determining and assessing the feasibility of the process operational optimization on the basis of the received results. In the given theoretical research and practical studies the methods of structural organization and mathematical modeling of production processes were used, together with the methods of their engineering, operational optimization, and linear synthesis of organizational control systems.Analytical and idealized mathematical models of gypsum production on flue gas desulphurisation units were compared.The practical significance of the research is in theoretical base and recommendations for scientifically-based selection of organizational structures, modes, methods and control circuits. These organizational structures, modes, methods and control circuits are used for establishing new industrial and environmental systems, as well as updating and improving existing ones. Preliminary calculations show, that the obtained results will improve the quality of end products and improve the technical and economic performance. Also they will help to reduce the time and cost of research while creating industrial and environmental systems.

The authors consider a method of numerical assessment of the level of intelligence and automation
of buildings. This novel original method designated for the calculation of an abstract coefficient indicating the building intelligence and an abstract coefficient demonstrating the level of
building automation is proposed by the authors.
Engineering systems of buildings are analyzed within the framework of processes associated
with their functionality. These processes are subdivided into sets depending on their nature and degree
of control. The processes of one set are engaged in the building intelligence evaluation, while
the processes within the other set are involved in the evaluation of the building automation level.
Abstract coefficients of intelligence and automation are calculated on the basis of objective
quantitative characteristics of engineering systems, for example, BTU and meters. This approach
allows engineers to avoid any biasness in making their assessments.

This article covers data transfer processes in the automated system of parallel design and construction. The authors consider the structure of reports used by contractors and clients when large-scale projects are implemented. All necessary items of information are grouped into three levels, and each level is described by certain attributes. The authors drive a lot of attention to the integrated operational schedule as it is the main tool of project management. Some recommendations concerning the forms and the content of reports are presented.
Integrated automation of all operations is a necessary condition for the successful implementation of the new concept. The technical aspect of the notion of parallel design and construction also includes the client-to-server infrastructure that brings together all process implemented by the parties involved into projects. This approach should be taken into consideration in the course of review of existing codes and standards to eliminate any inconsistency between the construction legislation and the practical experience of engineers involved into the process.

The article analyzes the possibilities of polyhedral structures’ formation basing on the automated construction of orthographic drawings (trace diagrams) derived from Johnson bodies. Projective Graphical method makes it possible to simulate the new multi-faceted forms with the help of the trace diagrams selected as a basis of a polyhedron. The computer program developed for this aim allows receiving both trace diagrams and diverse visual images of newly created polygonal shapes. Due to the large number of possible solutions it is proposed to use trace diagrams themselves (based on their degree of symmetry) as a tool to assess the feasibility of using this or that Johnson body as a basis for further shaping.

The article focuses on the optimization of the earlier discussed computer method of obtaining new forms of polyhedra based on projective geometry drawings (trace Diagrams).While working on getting new multifaceted forms by projective geometry methods based on the well-known models of polyhedra on the first stage of the work it is required to calculate the parameters of projective geometry drawings, and then to build them. This is an often used apparatus of analytical geometry. According to it, at first the parameters of the polyhedron (core system of planes) are calculated, then we obtain the equation of the plane of the face of the polyhedron, and finally we obtain the equations of lines the next plane faces on the selected curve plane. At each stage of application such a method requires the use of the algorithms of floating point arithmetic, on the one hand, leads to some loss of accuracy of the results and, on the other hand, the large amount of computer time to perform these operations in comparison with integer arithmetic operations.The proposed method is based on the laws existing between the lines that make up the drawing - the known configurations of projective geometry (complete quadrilaterals, configuration of Desargues, Pappus et al.).The authors discussed in detail the analysis procedure of projective geometry drawing and the presence of full quadrilaterals, Desargues and Pappus configurations in it.Since the composition of these configurations is invariant with respect to projective change of the original nucleus, knowing them, you can avoid the calculations when solving the equations for finding direct projective geometry drawing analytically, getting them on the basis of belonging to a particular configuration. So you can get a definite advantage in accuracy of the results, and in the cost of computer time. Finding these basic configurations significantly enriches the set of methods and the use of projective geometry drawings.

Projective graphics is a polyhedra simulation method, which is based on the use of trace diagrams of initial polyhedron. Previously developed computer software allows using Cartesian coordinates. In some cases it is advisable to use polar coordinate system for description of projective graphics drawings. Using the example of icosahedron the authors analyzed the advantages of using projective graphics drawings in the polar coordinate system. The transition to the polar coordinate system is a tool that allows using certain patterns of projective graphics drawings in the process of calculation. When using polar coordinate system the search of Polar correspondence for the directs is simplified. In order to analyze the two lines in the polar coordinate system it is enough to compare the corresponding coefficients of the equations of these lines. The authors consider a diagram of the icosahedron in polar coordinates, and a corresponding fragment of calculation program in the Mathematica system. Some examples of forming based on icosahedrons are offered. Optimization of computer programs using polar coordinate system will simplifies the calculations of projective graphics drawings, accelerates the process of constructing three-dimensional models, which expand the possibilities of selecting original solutions. Finally, the authors conclude that it is appropriate to use the polar coordinate system only in the construction of projective graphics diagrams of the planes system having rich symmetry. All Platonic and Archimedean solids, Catalan solid possess this property.

The paper considers the example containing solutions for wide range of problems concerning modeling and organizational and technological systems used for servicing of construction machinery fleet. The new theoretical base for developing mechanization enterprises is offered.