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HYDRAULICS. ENGINEERING HYDROLOGY. HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING

Experience and problems of earth dam construction and exploitation in severe climatic conditions in Russia

Vestnik MGSU 7/2014
  • Aniskin Nikolay Alekseevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Engineering, Professor, Director of Institute of Hydrotechnical and Energy Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Antonov Anton Sergeevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) postgraduate Student, Department of Hydraulic Engineering Structures, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 133-146

Hydraulic engineering constructions or dams are necessary constructive elements for river development. In severe climatic conditions (deep-frozen soil, low temperatures, high amplitudes of temperature fluctuations) the most expedient type of water retaining constructions are soil dams. In our paper we have examined economic conditions of the region with severe climate, available water resources and their development. We made the conclusions concerning preference for building reservoirs on the territory of Siberia. A two-century period, beginning with the first soil dams in the end of the 18th century, was considered for the building analysis. Our attention has been mainly focused on structures, engineering decisions and causes of accidents, which took place in operating cycle period. The results showed the importance of investigation of filtration and temperature regimes, as well as their collaboration in hydro technical structures design and operation.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.7.133-146

References
  1. Rogers J.R., Brown G.O., Garbrecht J.D. Water Resources and Environmental History. ASCE — American Society of Civil Engineers. New York, 2004, 285 p. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784406502.
  2. Andersland O.B., Ladanyi B. Introduction to Frozen Ground Engineering. Chapman&Hall, New York, USA, ASCE & John Wiley & Sons, 2003, 363 p.
  3. Kuperman V.L., Myznikov Yu.N., Toropov L.N. Gidroenergeticheskoe stroitel'stvo na Severe [Hydropower Construction in the North]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1987, 303 p.
  4. Gol'din A.L., Rasskazov L.N. Proektirovanie gruntovykh plotin [Design of Soil Dams]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2001, 375 p.
  5. Kogodovskiy O.A., Frishter Yu.I. Gidroenergetika kraynego Severo-Vostoka [Hydropower Engineering in Far Noth-East]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 1996, pp. 201—205.
  6. Pekhtin V.A. O bezopasnosti plotin v severnoy stroitel'no-klimaticheskoy zone [On the Safety of Dams in the Northern Construction-Climatic Zone]. Gidrotekhnicheskoye stroitel'stvo [Hydraulic Engineering]. 2004, no. 10, pp. 6—9.
  7. Rasskazov L.N., Aniskin N.A., Sainov M.P. Analiz sostoyaniya gruntovoy plotiny Kolymskoy GES [Analysis of Soil Dam Condition of Kolyma HPP]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 2, pp. 111—118.
  8. Aniskin N.A. Temperaturnofil'tratsionnyy rezhim prigrebnevoy zony gruntovoy plotiny v surovykh klimaticheskikh usloviyakh [Temperature-Filtration Mode of the Crestal Zone of Embankment Dam in Severe Climatic Conditions]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 4, pp. 129—137.
  9. Aniskin N.A. Temperaturnofil'tratsionnyy rezhim osnovaniya i plotiny Kureyskoy GES vo vtorom pravoberezhnom primykanii [Temperature-Filtration Mode Regime of Kureyskaya HPP Dam Base in Second Right Bank Abutment]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2006, no. 2, pp. 43—52.
  10. Foster M., Fell R., Spannagle M. The Statistics of Embankment Dam Failures and Accidents. Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 2000, vol. 37 (5), pp. 1000—1024. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t00-030.
  11. Sherard J.L. Hydraulic Fracturing in Embankment Dams. Seepage and Leakage from Dams and Impoundments. R.I. ASCE. New York, 1985, pp. 115—141.
  12. Belov A.N., Gorokhov E.N. Trekhmernoe matematicheskoe modelirovanie temperaturnogo rezhima gruntovykh plotin v kriolitozone [3D Thermal Modeling of Soil Dams in Cryolithic Zone]. Privolzhskiy nauchnyy zhurnal [Privolzhsky Scientific Review]. 2010, no. 1, pp. 65—71.
  13. Sobol' S.V., Gorokhov E.N., Sobol' I.S., Ezhkov A.N. Issledovanie dlya obosnovaniya proektov malykh vodokhranilishch v kriolitozone [Design Consideration of Small Reservoirs in Cryolithic Zone]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel'stvo [News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction]. 2005, no. 9, pp. 29—31.
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  15. Sheng-Hong C. Adaptive FEM Analysis for Two-Dimensional Unconfined Seepage Problems. Journal of Hydrodynamics. 1996, Ser. B., vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 60—66.

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SCENARIO OF AN ACCIDENT OF SOIL DAMS IN CASE OF WATER SPILL OVER A DAM CREST BY USING FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

Vestnik MGSU 4/2016
  • Kuznetsov Dmitriy Viktorovich - JSC Energy Constructing Complex EES (ESCO UES) engineer, chief specialist, Department of Project Management “South”, JSC Energy Constructing Complex EES (ESCO UES), 51 Arkhitektora Vlasova str., Moscow, 117393, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 94-107

The scenario of a hydrodynamic accident of water flow over a crest of a soil dam is considered by the method of fault tree analysis, for which the basic reasons and controlled diagnostic indicators of an accident have been defined. Logical operators “AND”/”OR” were used for creation of a sequence of logically connected events, leading to an undesired event in the scenario of accident. The scenario of the accident was plotted in case of three basic reasons - an excessive settling of a dam crest, an excess flood, an inoperable spillway, taking into account the sequence of the events’ development and with observance of the necessary conditions leading to an accident. “Technical” reasons were observed in the present scenario, force majeure events were not considered. The provided scenario of the accident consists of two branches of events’ development: the left one that depends on an upstream level, and the right one that depends on settling of a dam crest. In each of the considered events an accident “the water spill over a crest of a soil dam” is possible only in case of execution of two different conditions at the same time, i.e. in case of an appropriate upstream level and the appropriate mark of a crest of a soil dam. The conditions of the accident are defined by diagnostic indices - the upstream level and settling of a dam crest, which at the same time are safety criteria of the hydraulic structure for soil dams. They allow defining the technical condition of the construction. Four possible technical conditions are suggested for the definition of technical statuses - normative, operable, limited operable, abnormal. Criteria of safety are the boundaries of the state: for loading and impact - it is the upstream level, for geometrical compliance of the construction - it is a dam crest mark.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2016.4.94-107

References
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