"Вестник МГСУ"

Subject: architectural and planning solutions of museum premises at the Orthodox Christian monastery in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. Two main approaches to arrangement of a museum in an Orthodox Christian monastery are considered. A project of the museum in the Holy Trinity Antony of Siya Monastery is proposed. This project is based on reconstruction of one of the destroyed buildings in the monastery - the closed fraternal building of the XVII-XVIII centuries. This building is supposed to be rebuilt on its historic place and in its original architectural appearance, but with a new function of a monastery museum. Research objectives: identify the principles of formation of the monastery’s metochion for pilgrimage tourism. Materials and methods: method of comparison of approaches to museum organization. Results: The discovered regularities allow us to define the principles of formation of the monastery’s metochion environment for pilgrimage tourism. Conclusions: it is possible to apply the principles of formation of the monastery’s metochion environment for pilgrimage tourism to the design of the museum as a part of the Orthodox Christian monastery on the territory of the Russian Arctic.

The human habitat in the Arctic is formed under the influence of many factors. They determine the pattern of built-up areas, the shape of buildings, the principles of life support, the internal structure and content of objects. The current stage of development of the Russian Arctic is complicated by the impact of global warming. A steady increase in the overall temperature background leads to the results that inevitably change the strategies for development of the region. The main positive economic effect from the increase in the average annual temperature levels is manifested by the increase of duration of navigation in the Northern Sea Route and the increase of freight traffic. Other effects have, rather, a negative sign. First of all, warming leads to thawing of permafrost and, as a result, to a sudden reduction of soil stability and destruction of buildings and structures. The second global effect causes the advancing of the ocean and the flooding of vast areas, apparent degradation of the shoreline with its regular collapse and immersion. The complex impact of natural and climatic types leads to complication of the approach in formation of the habitat in extreme conditions. Comparison of different types of Arctic and Antarctic settlement bases makes it possible to identify general principles for formation of such objects. The implemented projects allow us to reveal features and shortcomings both in designing of buildings and in organization of the habitat. Subject: models and methods of organization of the habitat of extreme Arctic and Antarctic zones. Research objectives: identification of the principles of formation of the environment of special objects in the extreme conditions. Materials and methods: method of comparison of experience of designing special objects in the extreme conditions. Results: the discovered patterns allow us to define the principles of formation of the environment of objects in the extreme conditions. Conclusions: application of the principles of habitat formation in the extreme conditions to the design of the human habitat in the Russian Arctic is possible.

Issues of strategic national interests of the Russian Federation in the Arctic region, in particular in its shelf part, are considered. Subject: territory of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and the water area of the Arctic Ocean. The main steps taken by the Russian Federation with regard to ensuring national security and urban development in the Arctic are highlighted. The dynamics of the changing international situation and the emerging confrontations with the countries that are members of the Arctic Council are described. Modern approaches to ensuring national security in the Arctic are discussed. Attention is paid to the issue of absence of a single executive body overseeing the Arctic region, including all northern administrative-territorial units, the so-called “Ministry of the Arctic”. Research objectives: analyze the role of economic and urban development of the Arctic in ensuring national security and modernization of Russia. Materials and methods: analysis of the current state of affairs in the field of security, national legislation, socio-economic and geographic location and prospects for environmental management in the Arctic region. Results: the natural-resource and transport-logistical potentials of the Arctic region, measures to ensure national security and urban development are analyzed. Conclusions: the results obtained are important for creating an integrated approach to ensuring integrated security and urban development in exploration of the resources of the Arctic shelf of the Russian Federation. Sustainable development of Russia’s Arctic zone in the fields of socio-economic, urban development, environmental management and environmental protection can be provided by scientific studies and monitoring. The problem of absence of a town-planning regulatory framework regulating the integrated development of the Arctic regions should be resolved by the bill “On the development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation”.

Subject: a large-scale program for development of the Arctic territories requires construction of civil and industrial facilities, the use of a wide range of spatial resources, including the subsoil resources. Construction and mining activities are characterized by significant threats due to the risks of consequences of technogenic impact on the biota of the Arctic, given the considerable vulnerability of machinery and equipment to low temperatures, which requires the use of special construction geotechnologies and personnel with appropriate competencies. At the same time, severe climatic conditions require the use of high-performance equipment to minimize the participation of workers in the production process. Research objectives: for effective implementation of construction and mining activities in the Arctic territories, it is necessary, through consolidation of the efforts of academic science and industries and under conditions of import substitution, to provide for formation of a new branch of heavy machinery industry and supporting industries that take into account the specificity of the cryolithozone, and provide for creation of new geotechnologies that allow us to radically change the nature and intensity of technogenic destruction of biomes of the Arctic zone of Russia. Materials and methods: our research is based on normative and legislative documents regulating the development of the Arctic, as well as on the ideology of creating “green” high-performance geotechnologies. This ideology is based on the ideas of homeostatic transformation (realization) in the technosphere of the principles of the functioning of biological systems and the use of temperature resource of their abiota for preservation of vulnerable and unproductive biological communities of the Arctic zone. Results: the conducted series of studies allowed us to formulate the techno-ecological and methodological approaches to justification of parameters of high-performance geotechnologies, machines and equipment that provide for construction activities and mining operations in the Arctic.