"Вестник МГСУ"

The authors argue that intensive construction and development operations generate a large number of idle quarries. Now Moscow Metropolitan area has about 2,000 abandoned quarries and in excess of 150 quarries in operation. Most of them were used to develop various minerals, namely, sand, crushed stone, gravel, peat and other materials.Recovery of abandoned quarries and assurance of their safe condition requires a set of actions to be taken. However, mere reclamation cannot resolve all environmental problems arising after the completion of mining operations. Obviously, the use of undisturbed land areas as household waste landfills is not the best idea from the viewpoint of the environment. Therefore, filling idle quarries with specific types of products is an improved method of reclamation of mines and quarries. This method may solve two problems at once: they are land reclamation and safe waste disposal. Sewage sludge generated by households, as well as industrial enterprises, may serve as the solution.In this paper, the authors study the dependence between the permeability ratio, the carrying capacity of different soil mixtures containing sewage sludge to be used as the reclamation agent in the course of restoration of disturbed territories. The authors also consider dependence of concentration of biogases and the phosphogypsum content in biogases.

Issues of town-planning development of coastal territories and planning of their transport framework are considered. Town-planning ideology is largely based on typologies of various engineering-planning and architectural-design solutions of artificial elements urbanizing the space, strategically realizing the priority of preserving a natural environment favorable for living, comfort, sanitary and hygienic well-being, security, optimal organization and efficiency of transport infrastructure functioning. Subject: city embankments in the context of buildings adjacent to them. Goals: to define conceptual approaches and identify mechanisms of town-planning analysis of transport service in coastal territories. Materials and methods: scientific research was based on contextual, theoretical, empirical and practical analysis of city embankments. Results: the concepts and classification of city embankments created on the basis of projects implemented in different countries are presented. Conclusions: On the basis of these data it is possible to form comprehensive and specialized strategies for development of territories based on the need to formulate and solve various scientific and practical goals and tasks.

Ropeways are an eco-friendly and economically viable transport used for transportation of passengers and shipment. Ropeways are widely applied during construction in the conditions of a mountainous relief. The state programs aimed at the development of mountain recreational centers (MRCs) stipulate ropeways construction in accordance with the MRC situational plan. Safety and comfort of a ropeway are defined not only by its technical characteristics, but also by its linking to the relief, MRC facilities and infrastructure. The article describes the main design stages of a ropeway starting from the concept, a choice of its axis, determination of capacity, type of a ropeway, requirements to the track before the design of drop-off/pick-up zones. For each design stage the explanations, which reflect real work specifics, are provided, together with the technical characteristics for calculations and solution samples. The concept defines the functional purpose of a ropeway: ski slopes/ tourist zones/ recreation areas; the season of ropeway operation, the scheme of communications with the MRC objects, the capacity of reception base, the minimum distance from the bottom stations to residential complexes. The critical decisions of axis and track design are carried out by a coalition of designer-planners, expert designers and ropeway technologists. The ropeway, which performs transport function, unites all the objects of the mountain recreational center into a single complex. The optimum placement of a ropeway deals with the questions of comfort, safety and profitability, therefore greatly contributing to the quality of the whole ropeway project. During the MRC development one should consider the questions of infrastructure expansion, year-round ropeway operation and increasing ski tracks capacity, which will demand ropeway modernization and/ or changes in the situational plan of the mountain recreational center.

Subject: the article is devoted to the study of the processes of vortex formation (microturbulence) in non-pressure pipelines of drainage systems with a corrugated surface during transportation of liquid through them. The results of experiments on the study of microturbulence and carrying capacity of water flow at small fillings and velocities in an open tray are described for the flow past point and linearly elongated obstacles. On the basis of semi-phenomenological theory of turbulence with the use of universal indicator, expressed as a criterion of turbulence, theoretical derivations are presented for determination of zone of conducting subsequent experiments in the corresponding ranges of velocities at different heights of obstacles. The assumption is made that it is necessary to theoretically study the dependence of roughness coefficient on the ratio of obstacle height to pipe diameter in a wide range of fillings. The article presents the results of field experiments to identify the efficiency of pipeline network carrying capacity as a function of the filling value at a certain character of artificial obstacles. Research objectives: theoretical and experimental study of vortex formation processes and carrying capacity of fluid flow as it moves along a non-pressure tray with a textured surface to identify the optimal regime of pipeline operation. Materials and methods: literature sources were analyzed, stands for conducting field experiments were developed. We conducted a series of experiments and set forth theoretical propositions and possibilities for improvement of transporting capacity of the flow as it moves along the gravity pipeline with different textured inner surface. To determine the flow rate, a volumetric method was used, and the degree of turbulence was estimated using photo and movie equipment based on the use of black and white effect. Results: formation of flow microturbulence during placement of single or group obstacles in an open tray was investigated, graphs were constructed and mathematical dependences of the roughness coefficient on the ratio of obstacle height to pipe diameter were obtained for different filling values. A comparison of the values of the roughness coefficient was made for real sewer pipes made of different materials with artificial roughness generated on the experimental setup. The practical absence of discrepancies between artificial and natural roughnesses in the range of self-cleaning rates of water flow and normative fillings is established. Conclusions: studies have shown that the presence of artificial roughness in the form of various types of obstacles on the inner surface of the pipeline (by height, pitch, configuration) noticeably affects the transporting capacity of water flow. This makes it possible to use a textured surface in the form of polymer hoses applied to the inner surface of pipelines during their trenchless renovation to ensure self-cleaning of pipes and improve efficiency of sediments transportation.