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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. GEOECOLOGY

Chemical composition of fragmental products fractions of rock dumps and tailing dump as basis for potential geoecological danger estimation in the areas of mining enterprises

Vestnik MGSU 12/2014
  • Vdovina Ol’ga Konstantinovna - Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE) Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, Head, Department of Ecological Expertise of Environmental Facilities and Construction Projects, Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE), 15 Veresaeva str., Moscow, 121357, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Lavrusevich Andrey Aleksandrovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Doctor of Geologo-Mineralogical Sciences, Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Melent’ev Geliy Borisovich - Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE) Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences, chief research worker, Department of Ecological Expertise, Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE), 15 Veresaeva str., Moscow, 121357, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 167-79-31; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Evgrafova Irina Mikhaylovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Naumov Kirill Andreevich - Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE) engineering geologist, Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE), 15 Veresaeva str., Moscow, 121357, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • El’chin Danila Sergeevich - Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE) leading engineer, Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE), 15 Veresaeva str., Moscow, 121357, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Polyakova Kseniya Sergeevna - Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE) leading engineer, Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Chrystal Chemistry of Rare Elements (IMIGRE), 15 Veresaeva str., Moscow, 121357, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Shubina Elena Vasil’evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 152-161

Negative consequences of deposit development on the environment are well know. They manifest themselves most intensively in case of open-cut mining of ore minerals, which is related to the increase of rock dumps masses. The material of rock dumps and tailing dumps actively influence the state of the environment transforming the natural landscapes, first of all, as a reason of migration of waters changed as a result of their contact with mining waste. The authors give their estimation of the consequences of apatite-nephelinic ore crop in Khibini Ore District by the company “Apatit”, which includes the influence on the natural waters. The unique natural conditions of the area are the reason for high-level potential geoecological danger. The mobility of lots of toxic elements is raised because of ligand-ion OH in the waters of alkali rocks of Khibini soil.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.12.152-161

References
  1. Vdovina O.K., Naumov K.A., Stulova N.V. Geokhimicheskaya indikatsiya mineral'nykh klassov krupnosti granulometricheskogo analiza kak osnova analiza I otsenki podvizhnosti komponentov v podotval'nykh vodakh i sbrosakh gornorudnykh predpriyatiy [Geochemical Indication of Mineral Grain-Size Classes of the Grain Size Measurement as a Basis for Analysis and Components Mobility Estimation in Underspoil Waters and Mining Entersprises’ Waste]. Kompleksnoe osvoenie i pererabotka tekhnogennykh obrazovaniy s ispol'zovaniem innovatsionnykh tekhnologiy: Sbornik nauchykh statey regional’noy nauchno-praktickeskoy yubileynoy konferentsii 13—15 noyabrya 2013 g. [Complex Development and Processing of Man-made Mineral Formations Using Innovative Technologies : Collection of Scientific Papers of Regional Science and Practice Anniversary Conference, November 13—15, 2013]. Chelyabinsk, YuUrGU Publ., 2013, pp. 93—98. (In Russian)
  2. Ikorskiy S.V., Nivin V.A., Pripachkin V.A. Geokhimiya gazov endogennykh obrazovaniy [Geochemistry of Gases of Endogenous Masses]. Saint Petersburg, Nauka Publ., 1992, 179 p. (In Russian)
  3. Melent’ev G.B., Vdovina O.K., Malinina E.N., Karimova I.G., Popova A.N. Nauchno-metodicheskie aspekty ekologo-gidrokhimicheskogo izucheniya i otsenki vozdeystviya gornopromyshlennykh kompleksov na sredu obitaniya [Research and Methodology Aspects of Ecological Hydrochemical Investigation and Estimation of Mining Complex Infl uence on Living Environment]. Kompleksnoe osvoenie i pererabotka tekhnogennykh obrazovaniy s ispol'zovaniem innovatsionnykh tekhnologiy: Sbornik nauchykh statey regional’noy nauchno-praktickeskoy yubileynoy konferentsii 13—15 noyabrya 2013 g. [Complex Development and Processing of Man-made Mineral Formations Using Innovative Technologies : Collection of Scientific Papers of Regional Science and Practice Anniversary Conference, November 13—15, 2013]. Chelyabinsk, YuUrGU Publ., 2013, pp. 123—129. (In Russian)
  4. Ivanov V.V. Ekologicheskaya geokhimiya elementov : v 6 kn. Kn. 3. Redkie p-elementy [Ecological Geochemistry of Elements : in 6 Volumes. Vol. 3. Rare p-Elements]. E.K. Burenkov, editor. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1996, 352 p. (In Russian)
  5. Saet E.E., Yanin E.P., Smirnova R.S., Basharkevich I.L., Onishchenko T.L., Pavlova L.N., Trefi lova N.Ya., Achkasova A.I., Sarkisyan S.Sh. Geokhimiya okruzhayushchey sredy [Geochemistry of the Environment]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1990, 335 p. (In Russian)
  6. Vdovina O.K., Lavrusevich A.A., Vysokinskaya R.V., Evgrafova I.M., Polyakova K.S. Rol’ geokhimicheskogo fona pri otsenke investitsionnoy privlekatel’nosti rekreatsionnykh territoriy [Role of Geochemical Background at Evaluation of Investment Attractiveness of Recreational Territories]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 8, pp. 98—106. (In Russian)
  7. Vdovina O.K., Spiridonov I.G., Naumov K.A., Vysokinskaya R.V. Perspektivy vyyavleniya tekhnogennogo mestorozhdeniya zolota v Khibinskom rudnom rayone [Opportunities of Technogenic Deposits of Gold in Khibinski Ore District]. Resursovosproizvodyashchie, malootkhodnye i prirodookhrannye tekhnologii osvoeniya nedr: materialy XIII Mezhdunarodnoy konferentsii (Moskva — Tbilisi 15—21 sentyabrya 2014 g.) [Resource-Reproducing, Low Waste and Environmental Technologies of Exploitation of Mineral Resources]. Moscow, 2014, p. 25. (In Russian)
  8. Kraynov S.R., Ryzhenko B.N., Shvets V.M. Geokhimiya podzemnykh vod. Teoreticheskie, prikladnye i ekologicheskie aspekty [Geochemistry of Underground Waters. Theoretical, Applied and Ecological Aspects]. 2nd Edition. Moscow, TsentrLitNefteGaz Publ., 2012, 672 p. (In Russian)
  9. Mazukhina S.I. Formirovanie poverkhnostnykh i podzemnykh vod Khibinskogo gornogo massiva [Formation of Surface and Underground Waters of Khibini Massif]. Apatity, KNTs RAN Publ., 2012, 174 p. (In Russian)
  10. Beckett P.J., Pappin-Willanen S., Courtin G.M. Techniques for Establishing Aquatic Vegetation in Perlimently Flooded Tailings — a Field Test. Proc. of the ISGE (GEOENV`97) Istanbul, Turkey, 1—5 sept 1997. Ed. I. Yilmazer, 1999, pp. 252—266.
  11. Ball J.W., Nordstrom D.K. User`s Manual for WATEQ4F, with Revised Thermodynamic Data Base and Test Cases for Calculating Speciation of Major, Trace and Redox Elements in Natural Waters. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report. 1991, pp. 91—183.
  12. Bninfelt A.O. Separation of Rare-earth Elements from Apatite. Separ. Sci. 1973, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 623—625.
  13. Bortnikova S.B., Airijants A.A., Androsova A.A., Hozhina E.I., Faslullin S.M. Heavy Metals in the Aquatic Vegetation of Mining Regions. Proceedings of International Symposium on Geology and Environment (GEOENV’97), Istanbul, Turkey. 1997, pð. 355—363.
  14. Forstner U., Wittmann G. Metal Pollution in the Aquatic Environment. 2nd revised edition. New York, Springer—Verlag, 1981, 486 p.
  15. Moore J.W., Ramamoorthy S. Heavy Metals in Natural Waters: Applied Monitoring and Impact Assessment. 1983, Springer, 1 edition, 268 p.
  16. Popov V.G., Abdrakhmanov R.F., Tugushi I.N. Obmenno-adsorbtsionnye protsessy v podzemnoy gidrosfere [Exchange-Absorption Processes in Underground Hydrosphere]. Ufa, BNTsUrO RAN Publ., 1992, 156 p. (In Russian)
  17. Moiseenko T.I., Dauval'ter V.A., Rodyushkin I.V. Mekhanizmy krugovorota prirodnykh i antropogenno privnesennykh metallov v poverkhnostnykh vodakh Arkticheskogo basseyna [Circling Mechanism of Natural and Anthropogenically Introduced Metals in Surface Waters of Arctic Basin]. Vodnye resursy [Water Resources]. 1998, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 231—244. (In Russian)
  18. Morozov N.P. K geokhimii shchelochnykh elementov v rechnom stoke [To Geochemistry of Alkaline Elements in River Flow]. Geokhimiya [Geochemistry]. 1969, no. 6, pp. 729—737. (In Russian)
  19. Vladychenskiy A.S., Telesnina V.M. Osobennosti pochv lesnogo poyasa Khibin vo vzaimosvyazi s rastitel’nost’yu na primere okrestnostey oz. Malyy Vud”yavr [Soil Features in the Khibini Greenbelt in Relation with Vegetation on the Example of Small Vud”yavr Lake Area]. Vestnik MGU. Seriya: Pochvovedenie [The Moscow University Herald. Series: Soil Sciences]. 2005, no. 3, pp. 22—30. (In Russian)

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AQUATIC SYSTEM AS THE SUBJECT OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND THE STARTING POINT OF THE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Vestnik MGSU 2/2012
  • Alekseev Evgenij Valer'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Water Supply and Aquatic Ecology 8 (499) 183-54-56, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 140 - 144

Discrete properties of substances found in the water can provide exhaustive information about the substances contained in it. However, they do not provide any information about the interaction between the substances and the water, or between themselves, or the overall properties of the aquatic system. Therefore, they cannot serve as the basis for the systemic approach to development of efficient water treatment technologies.
The author's suggestion is to introduce the term "aquatic system" as a description of the properties of natural and sewerage water. An aquatic system represents a collection of interconnected substances and phenomena in the aquatic medium. Therefore, natural and sewerage water represent aquatic systems, or mixtures of substances that have different origins, that interact with one another on a non-stop basis, and that are interrelated, and that interact with the water at one and the same time. Primary features of aquatic systems are considered in the article, including genesis, stability, and localization. Secondary features of aquatic systems, including their aggregate state, their biotic state, and their chemical composition.
The research of aquatic systems of natural and sewerage waters, their structure and interrelations identifies the top-priority subject of research in the aquatic ecology. Therefore, the subject matter of the aquatic ecology represents the area of research, learning and systematization of features and properties of natural and man-made aquatic systems. This area of research dives way to a new trend of the methodology of modeling and optimization of natural and sewerage water treatment technologies. Aquatic ecology is to develop the principal provisions aimed at the improvement of water treatment technologies based on the properties of aquatic systems.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.140 - 144

References
  1. Shvecov V.N., Morozova K.M., Mjasnikov I.N. and others. Klassifikator tehnologij ochistki stochnyh vod [Classified Technologies of Sewerage Water Treatment Technologies]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaja tehnika [Water Supply and Sanitation Machinery], 2004, Issue # 5, pp. 2—4.
  2. Zhurba M.G., Sokolov L.I., Govorova Zh.M. Vodosnabzhenie. Proektirovanie sistem i sooruzhenij [Water Supply. Design of Systems and Structures], methodological guide, edited by professor Zhurba M.G. Moscow, ASV, 2004, volume 2.
  3. Zhurba M.G., Nechaev A.P., Ivleva G.A. and others. Klassifikatory tehnologij ochistki prirodnyh vod [Classifiers of Natural Water Treatment Technologies]. Moscow, GPI Sojuzvodokanalproekt, 2000, 118 p.

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