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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. GEOECOLOGY

Planning solutions of sanitary facilities in modern residential buildings

Vestnik MGSU 1/2015
  • Orlov Evgeniy Vladimirovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Scienc- es, Associate Professor, Department of Water Supply, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 83-89

In the article the short historical review on the design of sanitary rooms and their configurations is given. The main errors of the recent years, which led to the decrease in accommodation convenience because of the wrong approach from both the architect and engineers, are given. It is possible to use a small useful area for sanitary facilities, but it is connected with the lack of possibility of connecting washing and dishwashers. The author considers the options of engineering equipment placement in sanitary rooms taking into account the convenience of use, safety, and also resource-saving aspect. Various solutions on the organization of heating and ventilation are provided. The possible technical solutions allowing solving a flooding problem of the first floors in elite housing estates in case of accident are offered with the help of full waterproofing of sanitary rooms, and also the whole area of the apartment. The main attention was focused on the improvements of sanitary rooms for one-room and two-room apartments, which are the most demanded in the modern market of real estate. Layout solutions of the reduced bathrooms on the placement of the necessary equipment with choice justification are provided. The attention is paid to the layout solution for modern kitchens on order to increase their comfort by the use of special two-section sinks, and also a grinder of food waste in order to allow to lower the load of the systems of rubbish disposal of a building, by dumping the crushed garbage in an internal sewer network. Various options of evolutionary development of sanitary rooms for increasing the comfort degree are given. First of all, the development should happen in the direction of not only sanitation and hygiene, but also of the maintenance of the physical health of the people living in the building. It can be carried out by increase in a useful area of sanitary rooms, installation of exercise machines, medical bathtubs and a Jacuzzi, which allows receiving good relaxation after a difficult day. Also one more direction will be the organization in occupations of an aquacycling, so-called water trainings in a special bathtub by means of exercise machines for strengthening of health of the population.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.1.83-89

References
  1. Naumov A.L., Brodach M.M. Resursosberezhenie v sistemakh vodosnabzheniya i vodootvedeniya [Resource-Saving in Water Supply and Water Disposal Systems]. Santekhnika [Sanitary Engineering]. 2012, no. 1, pp. 14—19. (In Russian)
  2. Svintsov A.P., Gusakov S.V., Rybakov Yu.P. Ekspluatatsionnaya nadezhnost’ sanitarno-tekhnicheskoy armatury [Operational Reliability of Sanitary Fittings]. Santekhnika [Sanitary Engineering]. 2010, no. 6, pp. 48—53. (In Russian)
  3. Alekseev V.S. Izmeneniya i dopolneniya v Vodnyy kodeks Rossiyskoy Federatsii [Changes and Additions in the Water Code of the Russian Federation]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Equipment]. 2013, no 12, pp. 5—10. (In Russian)
  4. Brodach M.M. Voda — istochnik zhizni i dvizhushchaya sila dlya ustoychivogo razvitiya [Water — a Source of Life and a Driving Force for Sustainable Development]. Santekhnika [Sanitary Engineering]. 2009, no. 5, pp. 6—9. (In Russian)
  5. Wang H., Hu C., Hu X., Yang M., Qu J. Effects of Disinfectant and Biofilm on the Corrosion of Cast Iron Pipes in a Reclaimed Water Distribution System. Water Research. 2012, vol. 46, no. 4, pp. 1070—1078. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.12.001.
  6. Orlov E.V. Sistema vnutrennego vodoprovoda. Novyy tip vodorazbornykh priborov v zdaniyakh. Avtomaty pit’evoy vody [Systems of an Internal Water Supply System. New Type of Water Folding Devices in Buildings. Machine Guns of Drinking Water]. Tekhnika i tekhnologii mira [Equipment and Technologies of the World]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 37—41. (In Russian)
  7. Orlov V.A. Puti obespecheniya sanitarnoy nadezhnosti vodoprovodnykh setey [Ways of Ensuring Sanitary Reliability of Water Supply Systems]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 1, pp. 181—187. (In Russian)
  8. Varbanets M.P., Zurbrügg C., Swartz C., Pronk W. Decentralized Systems for Potable Water and the Potential of Membrane Technology. Water Research, 2009, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 245—265. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.030.
  9. Alekseev V.S. Sovremennoe sostoyanie normativnoy bazy v oblasti vodosnabzheniya [Current State of Regulatory Base in the Field of Water Supply]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Equipment]. 2014, no. 3, pp. 4—14. (In Russian)
  10. Lehtola M.J., Nissinen T.K., Miettinen I.T., Martikainen P.J., Vartiainen T. Removal of Soft Deposits from the Distribution System Improves the Drinking Water Quality. Water Research. 2004, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 601—610. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2003.10.054.
  11. Brodach M.M. Zelenoe vodosnabzhenie i vodootvedenie [Green Water Supply and Water Disposal]. Santekhnika [Sanitary Engineering]. 2009, no. 4, pp. 6—9. (In Russian)
  12. Vreeburg J.H.G., Boxall J.B. Discolouration in Potable Water Distribution Systems: A Review. Water Research. 2007, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 519—529. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.09.028.
  13. Orlov V.A. Taktika renovatsii vodoprovodnykh i vodootvodyashchikh setey [Tactics of Renovation of Water Supply and Water Disposal Systems]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 2, pp. 167—171. (In Russian)
  14. Yang F., Shi B., Gu J., Wang D., Yang M. Morphological and Physicochemical Characteristics of Iron Corrosion Scales Formed under Different Water Source Histories in a Drinking Water Distribution System. Water Research. 2012, vol. 46, no. 16, pp. 5423—5433. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2012.07.031.
  15. Porshnev V.N., Novikova L.V. Meropriyatiya po energosberezheniyu i snizheniyu poter’ vody v sistemakh gorodskogo vodosnabzheniya [Actions for Energy Saving and Decrease in Water Losses of City Water Supply Systems]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Saving]. 2005, no. 10, pp. 78—84. (In Russian)

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ENERGY SAVING TECHNOLOGIES OF ENGINEERING SYSTEMS OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES

Vestnik MGSU 2/2013
  • Belov Vitaliy Mikhaylovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Heat Engineering and Heat and Gas Supply, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-26-92; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Miram Andrey Olegovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Heat Engineering and Heat and Gas Supply, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-26-92; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 137-141

The objective of the research performed by the authors is to identify the role of energy efficient engineering systems and to assure the energy saving and comfortable indoor environment. The choice of supply-exhaust ventilation systems versus cold supply systems with heat recovery are also considered in the article.The authors argue that the most comfortable and efficient heating system is the one composed of heating panels incorporated into enclosing structures of buildings to ensure the radiant temperature on the premises. This system used as a supplementary heating system backing the hot water heating system that has heating panels integrated into enclosing structures makes it possible to limit the solar heat supply into the premises in summer to improve the indoor environment, whereas any heat perceived by the water from the solar radiation may be expediently used for hot water supply purposes. In the summertime, the proposed system may reduce the solar heat supply, if chilled water is supplied into the system by chillers.Besides, the authors remind the audience that the choice of heating, ventilation and cooling systems needs to be made at the initial design stage depending on the purpose of the building and other factors affecting the rational choice of engineering systems. In some cases, zone heating systems or hot air systems are expedient.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.2.137-141

References
  1. Ryzhkova D.S. Innovatsii v teplosnabzhenii: preimushchestva panel’no-luchistogo otopleniya [Innovations in Heat Supply: Benefits of Panel-radiant Heating]. Molodezh’ I nauka : VIII Vserossiyskaya nauchno-tekhnicheskaya konferentsiya studentov, aspirantov i molodykh uchenykh, posvyashchennaya 155-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya K.E. Tsiolkovskogo : sbornik nauchnykh trudov Sibirskogo federal'nogo universiteta [Youth and Science]. The 8th All-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference of Students, Postgraduates and Young Scientists Dedicated to the 155th Anniversary of K.E. Tsiolkovskiy. Collected works of Siberian Federal University. Krasnoyarsk, 2012.
  2. Belov S.V., Ilnitskaya A.V., Koziakov A.F., Devisilov V.A., Morozova L.L., Pavlikhin G.P., Pereezdchikov I.V., Sivkov V.P., Smirnov S.G. Bezopasnost’ zhiznedeyatel’nosti [Life Safety]. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola Publ., 2007, 615 p.
  3. Timofeeva E.I., Fedorovich G.V. Ekologicheskiy monitoring parametrov mikroklimata [Ecological Monitoring of the Microclimate Parameters]. Moscow, NTM-Zashchita Publ., 2005, 193 p.
  4. Malyavina E.G. Teplopoteri zdaniya [Heat Losses of Buildings]. Moscow, ABOKPRESS Publ., 2007, 265 p.

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INFLUENCE OF THE GASEOUS REGIME OF THE INDOOR SWIMMING POOLONTO CORROSION OF REINFORCING BARS OF ENCLOSURE STRUCTURES

Vestnik MGSU 6/2013
  • Rymarov Andrey Georgievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) +7 (499) 188-36-07, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Smirnov Vladimir Viktorovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Lecturer, Department of Heating and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 147-152

Evaporation of the swimming pool water into the indoor air causes penetration of the water vapour containing chlorine derivatives into the enclosure structures and corrosion of the reinforcement due to the presence of dissolved chlorine derivatives in the water. Water vapour migration through outdoor and indoor enclosures is intensive in the cold season, but it may also occur in the warm season. Bearing elements of outdoor and indoor enclosures are now made of the reinforced concrete that has fillers — Portland cement or other types of cement and steel, metal (steel) bars of different diameters. In “ideal” conditions, the concrete must stop corrosion of the steel reinforcement, but it does not happen this way in practice, as corrosion of the reinforcement is influenced by a number of factors.The concentration of chlorides that diffuse into the concrete is lower than the concentration of chlorides in the concrete, but their corrosive influence is higher because of their “non-free” condition. The authors describe the causes and results of corrosion of the steel reinforcement caused by derivatives of chlorine and boosted by the gaseous regime inside the swimming pool building. Analysis of the cases of influence of the water containing 3% of chlorine onto the corrosion of reinforced Portland cement aimed at the reduction of the reinforcement rod diameter is performed. Corrosion of bearing structures causes the loss of strength and durability of buildings, and this process is unsafe from the viewpoint of security of people.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.6.147-152

References
  1. Smirnov V.V. Issledovanie vliyaniya parametrov mikroklimata na dolgovechnost’ nesushchikh konstruktsiy pomeshcheniya basseyna [Research into the Influence of the Microclimate Parameters onto the Durability of Bearing Structures of Buildings of Swimming Pools]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2009.
  2. Rymarov A.G. Rymarov A.G. Prognozirovanie parametrov vozdushnogo, teplovogo, gazovogo i vlazhnostnogo rezhimov pomeshcheniy zdaniya [Projection of Air, Heat, Gas and Humidity Regimen of Building Premises]. Academia [The Academy]. 2009, no. 5, pp. 362—364.
  3. Zaikin B.B., Moskaleychik F.K. Korroziya metallov, ekspluatiruyushchikhsya vo vlazhnom vozdukhe, zagryaznennom sernistym gazom ili khlorom [Corrosion of Metals Used in the Humid Air, Polluted by the Sulfur Dioxide Gas or Chlorine]. Naturnye i uskorennye ispytaniya. Sbornik MDNTP. [Field and Accelerated Tests. Collection of Moscow House of Science and Technology Promotion]. Moscow, MDNTP im. F.E. Dzerzhinskogo publ., 1972, pp. 160—168.
  4. Tupikin E.I., Saidmuratov B.I. Korroziya i zashchita stal’noy armatury v peschanykh betonakh [Corrosion and Protection of Steel Bars in Sand Concretes]. Moscow, VNIIEgaprom publ., 1991.
  5. Ovchinnikov I.G., Ratkin V.V., Zemlyanskiy A.A. Modelirovanie povedeniya zhelezobetonnykh elementov konstruktsiy v usloviyakh vozdeystviya khlorsoderzhashchikh sred [Behaviour Modeling of Structural Elements Made of Reinforced Concrete and Exposed to Chlorine-containing Environments]. Sbornik dokladov [Collection of Reports]. Saratov, SGTU Publ., 2000, pp. 50—55.
  6. Nikiforov V.M. Tekhnologiya metallov i konstruktsionnye materialy [Technology of Metals and Structural Materials]. Moscow, Vyssh. shk. publ., 1980.
  7. Fokin K.F. Stroitel’naya teplotekhnika ograzhdayushchikh chastey zdaniy [Thermal Engineering of Enclosing Components of Buildings]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1973, 288 p.
  8. Gagarin V.G. Teplofizicheskie problemy sovremennykh stenovykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy mnogoetazhnykh zdaniy [Thermalphysic Problems of Contemporary Wall Enclosure Structures of Buildings]. Academia [The Academy]. 2009, no. 5, pp. 297—305.
  9. Moore J.F.A. and Cox R.N. Corrosion of Metals in Swimming Pool Buildings. Report 165, 1989.

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Simulation of energy demand for heating and cooling of a 5-storey residential buildingand evaluation of thermal conditions based on PMV and PPD thermal comfort indices

Vestnik MGSU 10/2013
  • Usmonov Shukhrat Zaurovich - Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Senior Lecturer, Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 226 Lenina st., Khujand, 735700, Tajikistan; applicant, Department of Architecture of Civil and Industrial Buildings; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 216-229

The energy demand of a 5-storey residential building (a 105 series design structure built in 1980), located in the city of Khujand, Tajikistan, was simulated at the Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics in Germany using WUFI+ software. The purpose of the simulation was to reduce the energy demand for its heating and cooling, as well as to ensure thermal comfort inside the building in the course of its reconstruction and modernization. Reconstruction and modernization of this residential building includes the construction of POLYALPAN ventilated façade, application of mineral wool insulation sheets, aerated concrete blocks, and replacement of old windows by the sealed double glazing.The analysis of micro-climatic parameters of this residential building is performed in furtherance of Category II of EN 15251 "Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics", and it is based on the comprehensive assessment of the values of heat indexes PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied). The research is based on the modeling pattern limiting the air temperature values on the premises during the heating period and reducing the energy demand for its heating through the employment of a heat exchanger. The findings prove that the analysis of micro-climatic parameters of buildings would benefit from the comprehensive and integrated assessment of the values of thermal comfort indexes PMV and PPD and from the evaluation of thermal insulation properties of clothes. Moreover, the findings demonstrate the need for development of national standards of the microclimate inside residential buildings. The research was based on the data simulating the climatic conditions in the northern region of Tajikistan during an extremely hot summer season and the optimum indoor air temperature of +24,3 °C instead of 20—22 °C. The research has proven that it is advisable to record the cooling data for five hottest months (May through September) instead of three, which is a common practice. The energy savings of 47,5 % were achieved using a 90 % efficient heat recovery procedure during the winter period when mechanical ventilation systems are in operation. Using heat exchangers after the renovation and modernization of residential buildings can significantly reduce the load on the heating system of a building.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.216-229

References
  1. Bulgakov S.N. Novye tekhnologii sistemnogo resheniya kriticheskikh problem gorodov [New Technologies for Comprehensive Resolution of Critical Urban Problems]. Izvestiya Vuzov: Stroitel’stvo [News of Institutions of Higher Education. Construction] 1998, no. 3, pp. 5—23.
  2. MKS ChT (SNiP RT) 23-02—2009. Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy. [MKS CHT (Construction Norms and Rules of the Republic of Tajikistan) 23-02—2009. Thermal Protection of Buildings].
  3. Nigmatov I.I. Proektirovanie zdaniy v regionakh s zharkim klimatom s uchetom energosberezheniy, mikroklimata i ekologii [Design of Buildings in Hot Climates with Account for Energy Saving, Microclimate, and Ecology]. Dushanbe, Irfon Publ., 2007, 303 p.
  4. ASHRAE Handbook. Fundamentals. SI Edition. 2005, pp. 8—17.
  5. Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1970, 244 p.
  6. Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort. Robert E. Crieger, Malabar, Florida, 1982.
  7. Vatin N.I., Samoplyas T.V. Sistemy ventilyatsii zhilykh pomeshcheniy mnogokvartirnykh domov [Ventilation Systems for Living Spaces of Multiple-occupancy Buildings]. St.Petersburg, 2004, 66 p.
  8. Kompaniya AIRKON GRUPP. Vozdushnyy rekuperator tepla i vlagi EcoLuxe EC-3400H3 dlya sistem pritochno-vytyazhnoy ventilyatsii. [AIRKON GRUPP Company. Heat and Moisture Exchanger EcoLuxe EC-3400H3 for Combined Extract-and-input Systems]. Available at: http://www.climatexpo.ru/main/members/novelty/1216/. Date of access: 05.05.2013.
  9. EN 15251. Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. May, 2007.
  10. Olesen B.W. Information paper on EN 15251 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. P. 114. Energy Performance of Buildings. CENSE, 15.02.2010, pp. 1—7.

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Area balance method for calculation of air interchange in fire-resesistance testing laboratory for building products and constructions

Vestnik MGSU 8/2014
  • Sargsyan Samvel Volodyaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Heating and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Spirin Aleksandr Dmitrievich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Master’s Degree Student, Department of Heating and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 127-135

Fire-resistance testing laboratory for building products and constructions
is a production room with a substantial excess heat (over 23 W/m3). Significant sources of heat inside the aforementioned laboratory are firing furnace, designed to simulate high temperature effects on structures and products of various types in case of fire development. The excess heat production in the laboratory during the tests is due to firing furnaces.
The laboratory room is considered as an object consisting of two control volumes (CV), in each of which there may be air intake and air removal, pollutant absorption or emission.
In modeling air exchange conditions the following processes are being considered: the processes connected with air movement in the laboratory room: the jet stream in a confined space, distribution of air parameters, air motion and impurity diffusion in the ventilated room.
General upward ventilation seems to be the most rational due to impossibility of using local exhaust ventilation. It is connected with the peculiarities of technological processes in the laboratory.
Air jets spouted through large-perforated surface mounted at the height of 2 m from the floor level, "flood" the lower control volume, entrained by natural convective currents from heat sources upward and removed from the upper area.
In order to take advantage of the proposed method of the required air exchange calculation, you must enter additional conditions, taking into account the provision of sanitary-hygienic characteristics of the current at the entrance of the service (work) area.
Exhaust air containing pollutants (combustion products), is expelled into the atmosphere by vertical jet discharge. Dividing ventilated rooms into two control volumes allows describing the research
process in a ventilated room more accurately and finding the air exchange in the
lab room during the tests on a more reasonable basis, allowing to provide safe
working conditions for the staff without the use of PPE.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.8.127-135

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