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PROBLEMS OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

Organization of the independent work of students while studying engineering graphics

Vestnik MGSU 1/2015
  • Tel’noy Viktor Ivanovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Military Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Descriptive Geometry and Graphics, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Rychkova Anzhelika Vital’evna - Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (PRUE) Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Automated Systems for Information Processing and Management, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics (PRUE), 36 Stremyanny pereulok, Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 120-128

The article reveals the possibility of creating and implementing teaching conditions for the rational organization of the independent work of first-year students in state of adaptation to the study of the course of engineering drawing. Theoretical and methodological aspects of students’ independent work are presented: types and forms of organization and control, training and methodological support of their independent work. The authors used such an approach to independent work organization: teacher-led classes during the main types of training activities (lectures, practical and laboratory work); form of organization of training (extracurricular), and also self study using innovative teaching methods promotes creative activities of students and the development of competencies of a future skilled construction industry professional. The role of modern information and communication technologies in independent work of students was specified. According to the degree of coverage of students, taking into account individual characteristics and different levels of preparedness, the following forms of independent work organization were detached: individual, differentiated and front.In the process of engineering graphics studying it is recommended to use the following basic forms of independent work: ongoing work with the lecture material; selection and study of literature and electronic sources of information on the problems of the discipline; preparation for the main classroom training; performing calculation and graphic works; work in student scientific societies and carrying out research work; participation in scientific conferences, seminars and other. Emphasis on the formation of students’ skills in working with different types of educational and scientific literature, the ability to analyze, organize information in electronical library systems, open educational resources.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.1.120-128

References
  1. Bukharova G.D. Organizatsiya samostoyatel’noy raboty pri obuchenii bakalavrov [Organization of Independent Work in the Process of Bachelors Training]. Sovremennye tekhnologii professional’nogo obrazovaniya: problemy i perspektivy : materialy nauchno-metodicheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiem [Modern Technologies for Vocational Education: Problems and Prospects: Proceedings of Scientific-Methodical Conference with International Participation]. Ekaterinburg, UGLTU Publ., 2014, pp. 153—157. Available at: http://elar.usfeu.ru/handle/123456789/3081. Date of access: 31.10.2014. (In Russian)
  2. Tel’noy V.I. Novye podkhody k izucheniyu distsipliny «Inzhenernaya grafika» s ispol’zovaniem sovremennykh informatsionnykh tekhnologiy [New Approaches to the Study of Engineering Graphics Using Advanced Information Technologies]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 8, pp. 168—176. (In Russian)
  3. Levina L.M. Innovative Aspects of the Students’ Independent Work in the Context of the Bologna Process and the Modernization of Higher Education. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N.I. Lobachevsky. 2010, no. 6, pp. 17—22.
  4. Egorova I.P. Organizatsiya samostoyatel’noy raboty studentov mladshikh kursov [Organization of Independent Work of Undergraduate Students]. Innovatsii v obrazovanii [Innovations in Education]. 2013, no. 2, pp. 32—46. (In Russian)
  5. Bobienko O.M. Organizatsiya samostoyatel’noy raboty studentov v usloviyakh vvedeniya federal’nykh gosudarstvennykh obrazovatel’nykh standartov novogo pokoleniya [Organization of the Independent Work of Students in Terms of Implementation of the Federal State Educational Standards for a New Generation]. Vestnik TISBI [Proceedings of TISBI University of Management]. 2011, no. 3. Available at: http://old.tisbi.org/science/vestnik/2011/issue3/Bobienko.pdf. Date of access: 29.04.2013. (In Russian)
  6. Vorotilkina I.M. Samostoyatel’nost’ studentov v uchebnom protsesse [Independence of Students in the Learning Process]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher Education in Russia]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 92—97. (In Russian)
  7. Efremova O.N. Opyt organizatsii samostoyatel’noy raboty studentov [Experience in the Organization of Independent Work of Students]. Vysshee obrazovanie v Rossii [Higher Education in Russia]. 2013, no. 8—9, pp. 160—162. (In Russian)
  8. Shcherbakova E.V. Osobennosti organizatsii samostoyatel’noy raboty studentov po pedagogicheskim distsiplinam [Features of Independent Work Organization of the Students in Pedagogical Disciplines]. Aktual’nye voprosy sovremennoy psikhologii: materialy Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii (Chelyabinsk, mart 2011 g.) [Current problems of modern psychology: proceedings of the International Scientific Conference (Chelyabinsk, March, 2011)]. Chelyabinsk, Dva komsomol’tsa Publ., 2011, pp. 139—141. Available at: http://www.moluch.ru/conf/psy/archive/30/84/. Date of access: 29.10.2014. (In Russian)
  9. Asanaliev M.K., Sozcu Z., Sozcu O.F. Management Technology of Students’ Independent Work. European Researcher. 2012, no. 9—2 (29), pp. 1436—1443.
  10. Miller L., Olson J. Putting the Computer in Its Place: A Study of Teaching with Technology. Journal of Curriculum Studies. 1994, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 121—141. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0022027940260201.
  11. Belyaev A.V. Vneauditornaya rabota studentov: traditsii i innovatsii [Extracurricular Work of Students: Traditions and Innovations]. Alma Mater. 2013, no. 10, pp. 40—44. (In Russian)
  12. Politsinskaja E.V. Organization of Independent Work of the Students Using Individual Educational Plans. World Applied Sciences Journal. 2013, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 871—874. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.25.06.13356.
  13. Aleksandrov I.V., Strokina V.R., Afanas’eva A.M., Tuchkov S.V. Opyt organizatsii problemno-orientirovannoy vneauditornoy deyatel’nosti studentov [Experience in Organizing Problem-Oriented Extracurricular Activities of Students]. Innovatsii v obrazovanii [Innovations in Education]. 2013, no. 4, pp. 120—127. (In Russian)
  14. Kovalenko A.A., Koroteev V.I., Novozhilov A.E., Ryzhkov V.M. «Samostoyatel’naya rabota studenta» i elektronnoe obuchenie [“Independent Work of Students” and E-Learning]. Alma Mater. 2013, no. 7, pp. 108—112. (In Russian)
  15. Buldygina S.V. Samostoyatel’naya rabota uchashchikhsya v kontekste issle-dovatel’skoy i proektnoy deyatel’nosti [Independent Work of Students in the Context of Research and Design Activity]. Pedagogika [Pedagogy]. 2012, no. 9, pp. 122—124. (In Russian)
  16. Tel’noy V.I. Ispol’zovanie didakticheskikh printsipov pri izuchenii gosudarstvennykh standartov eskd i spds v kurse inzhenernoy grafiki [Using Didactic Principles in the Study of State Standards for the Unified System of Design Documentation and the System of Design Documentation for Civil Engineering in the Course of Engineering Graphics]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 3, pp. 255—262.
  17. Tel’noy V.I., Rychkova A.V., Kutkina N.A. O primenenii sovremennykh informatsionnykh tekhnologiy pri provedenii zanyatiy po komp’yuternoy grafike [On the Application of Modern Information Technologies for Conducting Classes in Computer Graphics]. Sbornik nauchnykh trudov VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Collection of Scientific Works of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Moscow, MGU Publ., 2013, vol. 2, pp. 285—291. (In Russian)
  18. Rychkova A.V. Sovershenstvovanie metodiki prepodavaniya distsipliny «Inzhenernaya i komp’yuternaya grafika» [Improvement of Teaching Technique of the Discipline “Engineering and Computer Graphics”]. Sovershenstvovanie podgotovki IT-spetsialistov po napravleniyu «Prikladnaya informatika» dlya innovatsionnoy ekonomiki : sbornik nauchnykh trudov VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [Improvement of Preparation of IT-Experts in the Specialty “Applied Informatics” for the Innovation Economy: Collection of Scientific Works of the 8th International Scientific and Practical Conference]. Moscow, MESI Publ., 2012, pp. 140—144. (In Russian)
  19. Asanaliev M.K., Zhamenkeev E.K., Zhumagalieva Zh.Zh. Educational Technique of Students’ Independent Cognitive Work Results Measurement in the Course of RMSI Learning. European Researcher. 2013, vol. 49, no. 5—2, pp. 1372—1378.
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  21. Tel’noy V.I. Osobennosti lektsiy kak vida uchebnoy raboty po graficheskim distsiplinam so studentami zaochnoy formy obucheniya [Lectures Features as a Type of Training in Graphic Disciplines with Extra-Mural Students]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2013, no. 12, pp. 171—179. (In Russian)
  22. Berkovich V.N. Samostoyatel’naya rabota zaochnikov v usloviyakh informatizatsii uchebnogo protsessa [Independent Work of Extra-Mural Students in the Conditions of Educational Process Informational Support]. Informatika i obrazovanie [Informatics and Education]. 2007, no. 6, pp. 30—33. (In Russian)

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Exposure of civil engineers to hazardous and harmful occupational factors and methods of their countering

Vestnik MGSU 7/2013
  • Bumarskova Natal’ya Nikolaevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Training and Sports, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 181-186

Adaptation means accommodation of a living organism to constantly changing conditions external and internal environments. This capacity was developed in the process of the evolutionary development. Absent of this capacity, no human organism can leave normally or adjust to various external factors.In the contemporary research literature, adaptation is associated with different factors, including occupation, climate, social environment, etc. The process of adaptation is complex, and it contemplates different types of adaptation, namely, individual sociopsychological, communicative, and physiological adaptation. It is accompanied by substantial intellectual, mental and physical efforts.The variety of building structures coupled with process-related and organizational methods of their construction require attention to the issues of safety. In the course of life and work (working environment), a person is exposed to various hazards or phenomena, processes, and objects capable of damaging human health under certain conditions. An occupational hazard means an adverse impact on human health in the form of its deterioration or injury under certain conditions.The studies show that the three-shift working activity is the cause of fatigue. Fatigue boosts errors in the sensomotor coordination and deteriorates human health. The daily rhythm of physiological functions is driven by the intensity of the working activity causing changes in the body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure. Harmful factors, such as chlorine and chlorine dioxide, produce negative impact on the psycho-physiological status of the organism. They are countered by the system of adaptation and rehabilitation as an integral part of the university curriculum. Its objective is to enhance the effectiveness of professional activities, to ensure the optimal functioning of a human body exposed to heavy workloads and adverse external conditions.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.7.181-186

References
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  2. Kal’nish V.V., Shvets A.V. Vliyanie nepreryvnoy sutochnoy raboty na nadezhnost’ deyatel’nosti operatorov [Influence of Continuous 24-hour Work onto Reliability of Operators’ Work]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Human Physiology]. 2012, vol. 38, no. 3, 81 p.
  3. Solonin Yu.G., Boyko E.R., Loginova T.P., Ketkina O.A. Dinamika fiziologicheskikh i psikhofiziologicheskikh pokazateley u operatorov pri trekhsmennoy rabote v razlichnykh usloviyakh truda [Dynamics of Physiological and Psycho-physiological Parameters Demonstrated by Operators Working Three Shifts under Various Working Conditions]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Human Physiology]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 135—138.
  4. Soroko S.I. Individual’nye strategii adaptatsii cheloveka v ekstremal’nykh usloviyakh [Individual Human Adaptation Strategies in Case of Exposure to Extreme Conditions]. Fiziologiya cheloveka [Human Physiology]. 2012, vol. 38, no. 6, 78 p.
  5. Romain Barres, Jie Yan, Brendan Egan. Acute Exercise Remodels Promoter Methylation in Human Skeltal Muscule. Cell Metabolism. 2012, vol. 15(3), pp. 405—411.
  6. Milligan S.F., Hister J.A. Ancient Irish Hot Air Bath. OfIreland, IX, Dublin, 1980, 240 p.
  7. Solodkov A.S. Itogi i perspektivy issledovaniy problemy adaptatsii v sporte [Findings of and Prospects for Research into the Problem of Adaptation in Sports]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta imeni P.F. Lesgafta [Scholarly Notes of Lesgaft University]. 2005, no. 18, 65 p.
  8. Grutsyak N.B., Grutsyak V.I. Fizicheskaya kul’tura kak moshchnyy faktor, sposobstvuyushchiy adaptatsii inostrannykh studentov v vuze [Physical Education as the Strong Factor Facilitating Adaptability of International Students at Universities]. Fizicheskoe vospitanie studentov [Physical Training of Students]. 2010, no. 2, pp. 37—39.
  9. Arsen’ev D.G., Zinkovskiy A.V., Ivanova M.A. Sotsial’no-psikhologicheskie i fiziologicheskie problemy adaptatsii inostrannykh studentov [Socio-psychological and Physiological Problems of Adaptation of International Students]. St.Petersburg, 2003, 160 p.
  10. Konik G.A. Uchebnye zanyatiya po vidam sporta kak sredstvo formirovaniya motivatsii k zdorovomu obrazu zhizni u studentov vysshikh uchebnykh zavedeniy [Sports Classes as a Means of Formation of Motivation of University Students to Healthy Lifestyle]. Fizicheskoe vospitanie studentov tvorcheskikh spetsial’nostey [Physical Education of Students of Arts]. 2006, no. 4, pp. 108—114.

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