-
Samol'kina Elena Grigor'evna -
Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU)
postgraduate student, Department of Architectural Design, Nizhny Novgorod State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (NNGASU), 65 Ilyinskaya str., Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
In the world of today, issues of the relationship between society and nature are becoming more relevant. A process of continuous development of industrial and social activities and the negative interference in the environment cause damage to the unique biosphere. The dynamics of destructive processes necessitates conducting activities in accordance with the fundamental laws of nature. One way of solving these problems is to create a harmonious architectural environment that has minimal impact on the environment of the surrounding countryside. An important factor in the process of "sustainable architecture" formation is the use of the building materials, which are safe for humans and the environment. Special role in this aspect is played by wood possessing unquestionable priority in "sustainable architecture". Wood is a renewable natural material with unique properties. Wastelessness, low thermal conductivity, strength, unique texture, ease of processing and other quality wood help to create cozy and comfortable environment. From the perspective of ecological and energy problems the use of wood in architecture has a special role as the most optimal solution to these issues. In Russia construction of energy efficient buildings is at an early stage of development. To date, the power consumption of the existing residential and public buildings in Russia is on average about three times higher than in technically advanced countries of Scandinavia with similar climatic conditions. At the same time the tendency to steady growth of non-renewable energy resources leads to the need to improve the thermal protection of buildings. The problem of thermal protection of buildings in architecture led to widespread use of ventilated facades. Constructive solution is to install the layer of insulation on the exterior walls and to fasten cladding materials to the frame to form an air gap for air circulation. Finishing materials perform architectural function. The most common facing materials of natural origin include wooden facades. Demand for such kind of structures in contemporary architecture is explained by wide possibilities of architectural and artistic facades. Facade decor made of wood is various, it tends to be unusual, with exclusive forms, eliminating unnecessary luxury. Valuable wood panels, board with logs imitation, block house, facade boards (planken), the wood tile (shingle), etc. can be used in decoration. A large number of wooden facing materials allow to create wooden facades of different styles, and the texture and wood shades form a harmonious environment. Among the various methods of using wooden decor the most common technique is outplaying of wood texture. Wood is treated with special impregnation to give effect of the natural aging, wood is also tinted, creating a color contrast of house planes, and then is coloured, imitating the texture of precious wood. Wooden facade decor fully solves not only the problem of architectural expressiveness of structures, but also the problem of energy saving, which is especially important in the context of the global crisis. The unique capabilities of the tree, its ability to be in harmony with other materials form a comfortable environment, providing a favorable psychological impact.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.8.20-27
References
- Thayer Robert. Gray World, Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable Landscape. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1994.
- Union Internationale des Architectes. Declaration of Interdependence for a Sustainable Future. UIA/AIA World Congress of Architects, Chicago, June 18—21, 1993. Available at: http://server.uia-architectes.org/texte/england/2aaf1.html. Date of access: 03.05.2014.
- Zhukov A.D., Smirnova T.V., Naumova N.V., Mustafayev R.M. Sistemy ekologicheski ustoychivogo stroitel'stva [Environmentally Sustainable Building Systems]. Stroitel'stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education]. 2013, no. 3. Available at: http://nsojournal.ru/public/journals/1/issues/2013/03/4.pdf. Date of access: 06.07.2014.
- Lawson B. Embodied Energy of Building Materials. The Environmental Design Guide, Pro 2, Royal Australian Institute of Architects, Canberra, 1998, pp. 4—5.
- Bad'in G.M. Stroitel'stvo i rekonstruktsiya maloetazhnogo energoeffektivnogo doma [Construction and Reconstruction of Low-rise Energy Efficient House]. St. Petersburg, BKhVPetersburg, 2011, 422 p.
- Korolev D.Y. Okrashivanie naruzhnykh ograzhdeniy materialami novogo pokoleniya dlya energosberegayushchey ekspluatatsii zdaniy [Painting of External Walls by New Generation Materials for Energy Efficient Operation of Buildings]. Nauchnyy vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. Ser. Vysokie tekhnologii. Ekologiya [Scientific Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Series: High Technologies. Ecology]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 128—131.
- Kuz'menko D.V., Vatin N.I. Novyy tip ograzhdayushchey konstruktsii — termopanel' [New Type of Walling — Thermopanel]. StroyPROFIl' [Construction Profile], 2008, no. 6, pp. 32—36.
- Semenova E.E., Kosheleva D.S. Issledovaniya po primeneniyu energosberegayushchikh resheniy pri proektirovanii grazhdanskikh zdaniy [Research on Application of Energysaving Solutions in the Design of Civil Buildings]. Nauchnyy vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. Ser. Vysokie tekhnologii. Ekologiya [Scientific Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Series: High Technologies. Ecology]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 150—153.
- Semenova E.E., Ovsyannikova M.A. Sovremennye resheniya teplozashchity naruzhnykh ograzhdayushchikh konstruktsiy [Modern Solutions for the Heat Insulation of External Enclosing Structures]. Nauchnyy vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturnostroitel'nogo universiteta. Ser. Vysokie tekhnologii. Ekologiya [Scientific Bulletin of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Engineering. Series: High Technologies. Ecology]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 154—157.
- Wooden Facades. Riko Haus. Available at: http://www.riko-hise.si/en/products-andsolutions/wooden-facades. Date of access: 06.07.2014.
- Oreshko A.N. Primenenie dereva v arkhitekture kak sposob gumanizatsii gorodskoy sredy [The Use of Wood in Architecture as a Way of Humanization the Urban Environment]. Arkhitekton: Izvestiya vuzov [Architecton: Proceedings of Higher Education]. 2009, no 26 (Appendix). Available at: http://archvuz.ru/2009_22/5. Date of access: 06.07.2014.
- Malinin N., Gonsales E., Shovskaya T. Novoe derevyannoe 1999—2009 [New Wooden 1999—2009]. Ekaterinburg, TATLIN Publ., 2010, 312 p.
- ARKhIWOOD : Katalog premii 2013 [ARCHIWOOD : Product Award 2013]. Ekaterinburg, TATLIN Publ., 2013, 128 p.
- Detskiy klub [Children Club]. Byuro Praktika [Practice Bureau]. Available at: http://bureau-praktika.ru/projects/Perovo-kids-club. Date of access: 03.05.2014.
- Dom v Yaroslavskoy oblasti [House in Yaroslavl Region]. Arkhitekturnoe byuro DK [Architectural Bureau DK]. Available at: http://www.dainov-dk.ru/ru/projects/18. Date of access: 06.07.2014.
-
Leonova Anna Nikolaevna -
Kuban State Technological University (KubGTU)
andidate of technical sciences, the associate professor, Kuban State Technological University (KubGTU), 2 Moskovskaya st., Krasnodar, 350072, Russian Federation.
-
Kurochka Maria Vyacheslavovna -
Kuban State Technological University (KubGTU)
student, Kuban State Technological University (KubGTU), 2 Moskovskaya st., Krasnodar, 350072, Russian Federation.
Subject: introduction of energy-efficient materials and decisions in the field of reconstruction is the factor influencing the reduction of heat losses. Use of such materials and decisions leads to considerable economy and improvement of heat insulation properties of the building. Research objectives: establish efficiency of application of methods of passive and active protection of buildings against heat losses and increase of energy-saving during reconstruction. Materials and methods: theoretical and methodological basis of the research was the scientific work of domestic and foreign scientists on the issues of energy efficiency management and introduction of energy-saving technologies at capital construction facilities and educational institutions. General scientific research methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization), comparison method, classification method were used during the research. Detailed thermograms of buildings, thermal imaging examinations, and monitoring of microclimate parameters were used. Results: modern approaches to the problem of energy-saving and provision of comfortable living conditions are investigated. The analysis of the use of active and passive methods to improve energy efficiency of buildings is carried out. Conclusions: improving the energy efficiency of buildings during reconstruction must be addressed comprehensively, taking into account measures aimed at increasing the effect of fuel and energy resource consumption.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2018.7.805-813
-
Velichko Evgeniy Georgievich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Construction Materials, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation.
-
Tskhovrebov Eduard Stanislavovich -
Research Institute “Center for Environmental Industrial Policy” (Research Institute “CEIP”)
Candidate of Economics, Associate Professor, Deputy Director, Research Institute “Center for Environmental Industrial Policy” (Research Institute “CEIP”), 42 Olimpiyskiy pr., Mytishchi, Moscow Region, Russian Federation, 141006.
Environmentally safe construction products are materials and products of construction purpose made of renewable natural resources and natural environment components with minimum spend of natural resources and energy, and the process of handling thereof (extraction of raw materials for production of the aforesaid materials and products, manufacture, transportation, use in engineering structures, processing, recycling, burial in natural environment) does not adversely affect neither humans nor environment. The article considers the basic historical stages of use of environmentally friendly construction materials in industrial and civil construction, starting from antiquity and ending with modern age. Review materials on the use of safe natural products such as wood, stone, thatch, peat, clay and other types of environmentally friendly materials in construction are presented. Properties of natural materials that ensure environmental safety of buildings, structures and premises, sanitary and hygienic requirements, coziness and comfort thereof for humans are analyzed. It is concluded that at present time the construction of high quality, comfortable, ecologically safe housing at affordable prices which is based on environmentally friendly technologies, resource and energy saving, construction materials safe for human health, should become one of the main priorities of economic and environmental policy of Russia.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2017.1.26-35
-
Samarin Oleg Dmitrievich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of the Heating and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federa- tion;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Goryunov Igor’ Ivanovich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Manager, Automation of Construction Technologies Branch, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-97-80;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Tishchenkova Irina Ivanovna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The authors argue that efficient energy saving methods installable into civil buildings include energy saving technologies, cost-efficient and fast-payback technologies, improvement of process flowsheets and patterns of microclimate systems, and automation of engineering systems and installations.Processes of unsteady heat exchange inside premises having automated climatic systems are considered in this article. Advanced methods of analysis of thermal modes of premises are provided. Interrelation between separate parameters of thermal stability in a room and automated microclimate control is another subject of research. The formula designated for the calculation of the coefficient of transfer of regulators is derived by the authors.The ultimate result is identified using the methodology of assessment of influenceof dynamic properties of a room produced on the value of K. The proposed methodol-ogy may be used to develop engineering recommendations concerning selection of the optimal operating mode of regulators designated for engineering installations.The conclusion is substantiated by numerical calculations made using specialized software and graphic examples.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.3.178-186
References
- Kalmakov A.A., Kuvshinov Yu.Ya., Romanova S.S., Shchelkunov S.A., Bogoslovskiy V.N., editor. Avtomatika i avtomatizatsiya sistem teplogazosnabzheniya i ventilyatsii [Automatic Control Engineering and Automation of Systems of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1986, 479 p.
- Samarin O.D. Teplofizika. Energosberezhenie. Energoeffektivnost’ [Thermal Physics. Energy Saving. Energy Efficiency]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2011, 296 p.
- Isaev S.I., Kozhinov I.A., Kofanov V.I., A.I. Leont’ev, editor. Teoriya teplomassoobmena [Theory of Heat and Mass Exchange]. Moscow, MGTU im. N.E. Baumana publ., 1997, 683 p.
- Samarin O.D., Azivskaya S.S. Printsipy rascheta nestatsionarnogo teplovogo rezhima pomeshcheniya, obsluzhivaemogo avtomatizirovannymi sistemami obespecheniya mikroklimata [Principles of Analysis of Unsteady Thermal Mode of Premises Having Automated Microclimate Systems]. Izvestiya vuzov. Stroitel’stvo [News of Institutions of Higher Education. Construction.] 2011, no. 1, pp. 59—62.
- Samarin O.D., Fedorchenko Yu.D. Vliyanie regulirovaniya sistem obespecheniya mikroklimata na kachestvo podderzhaniya vnutrennikh meteoparametrov [Influence of Adjustment of Microclimate Systems onto the Quality of Maintenance of Meteorological Parameters inside Premises]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 7, pp. 124—128.
- Bogoslovskiy V.N. Stroitel’naya teplofizika (teplofizicheskie osnovy otopleniya, ventilyatsii i konditsionirovaniya vozdukha) [Thermal Physics (Thermalphysic Fundamentals of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning]. St.Petersburg, Avok Severo-zapad publ., 2006, 400 p.
- Khashan S.A., Al-Amiri A.M., Pop I. Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection Heat Transfer in A Porous Cavity Heated from below Using a Non-Darcian and Thermal Non-equilibrium Model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. 2006, vol. 49, no. 5, pp. 1039—1049.
- Dounis A.I., Caraiscos C. Advanced Control Systems Engineering for Energy and Comfort Management in a Building Environment. A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2009, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1246—1261.
- Jiangjiang Wang, Zhiqiang (John) Zhai, Youyin Jing, Chunfa Zhang. Influence Analysis of Building Types and Climate Zones on Energetic, Economic and Environmental Performances of BCHP Systems. Applied Energy. 2011, vol. 88, no. 9, pp. 3097—3112.
- Michele De Carli, Massimiliano Scarpa, Roberta Tomasi, Angelo Zarrella. DIGITHON: A Numerical Model for the Thermal Balance of Rooms Equipped with Radiant Systems. Building and Environment. 2012, no. 57, pp. 126—144.
-
Usmonov Shukhrat Zaurovich -
Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Senior Lecturer, Khujand Politechnic Institute of Tajik Technical University by academic M. Osimi (PITTU); Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 226 Lenina st., Khujand, 735700, Tajikistan; applicant, Department of Architecture of Civil and Industrial Buildings; 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The energy demand of a 5-storey residential building (a 105 series design structure built in 1980), located in the city of Khujand, Tajikistan, was simulated at the Fraunhofer Institute of Building Physics in Germany using WUFI+ software. The purpose of the simulation was to reduce the energy demand for its heating and cooling, as well as to ensure thermal comfort inside the building in the course of its reconstruction and modernization. Reconstruction and modernization of this residential building includes the construction of POLYALPAN ventilated façade, application of mineral wool insulation sheets, aerated concrete blocks, and replacement of old windows by the sealed double glazing.The analysis of micro-climatic parameters of this residential building is performed in furtherance of Category II of EN 15251 "Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics", and it is based on the comprehensive assessment of the values of heat indexes PMV (Predicted Mean Vote) and PPD (Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied). The research is based on the modeling pattern limiting the air temperature values on the premises during the heating period and reducing the energy demand for its heating through the employment of a heat exchanger. The findings prove that the analysis of micro-climatic parameters of buildings would benefit from the comprehensive and integrated assessment of the values of thermal comfort indexes PMV and PPD and from the evaluation of thermal insulation properties of clothes. Moreover, the findings demonstrate the need for development of national standards of the microclimate inside residential buildings. The research was based on the data simulating the climatic conditions in the northern region of Tajikistan during an extremely hot summer season and the optimum indoor air temperature of +24,3 °C instead of 20—22 °C. The research has proven that it is advisable to record the cooling data for five hottest months (May through September) instead of three, which is a common practice. The energy savings of 47,5 % were achieved using a 90 % efficient heat recovery procedure during the winter period when mechanical ventilation systems are in operation. Using heat exchangers after the renovation and modernization of residential buildings can significantly reduce the load on the heating system of a building.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.10.216-229
References
- Bulgakov S.N. Novye tekhnologii sistemnogo resheniya kriticheskikh problem gorodov [New Technologies for Comprehensive Resolution of Critical Urban Problems]. Izvestiya Vuzov: Stroitel’stvo [News of Institutions of Higher Education. Construction] 1998, no. 3, pp. 5—23.
- MKS ChT (SNiP RT) 23-02—2009. Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy. [MKS CHT (Construction Norms and Rules of the Republic of Tajikistan) 23-02—2009. Thermal Protection of Buildings].
- Nigmatov I.I. Proektirovanie zdaniy v regionakh s zharkim klimatom s uchetom energosberezheniy, mikroklimata i ekologii [Design of Buildings in Hot Climates with Account for Energy Saving, Microclimate, and Ecology]. Dushanbe, Irfon Publ., 2007, 303 p.
- ASHRAE Handbook. Fundamentals. SI Edition. 2005, pp. 8—17.
- Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1970, 244 p.
- Fanger P.O. Thermal Comfort. Robert E. Crieger, Malabar, Florida, 1982.
- Vatin N.I., Samoplyas T.V. Sistemy ventilyatsii zhilykh pomeshcheniy mnogokvartirnykh domov [Ventilation Systems for Living Spaces of Multiple-occupancy Buildings]. St.Petersburg, 2004, 66 p.
- Kompaniya AIRKON GRUPP. Vozdushnyy rekuperator tepla i vlagi EcoLuxe EC-3400H3 dlya sistem pritochno-vytyazhnoy ventilyatsii. [AIRKON GRUPP Company. Heat and Moisture Exchanger EcoLuxe EC-3400H3 for Combined Extract-and-input Systems]. Available at: http://www.climatexpo.ru/main/members/novelty/1216/. Date of access: 05.05.2013.
- EN 15251. Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. May, 2007.
- Olesen B.W. Information paper on EN 15251 Indoor environmental input parameters for design and assessment of energy performance of buildings addressing indoor air quality, thermal environment, lighting and acoustics. P. 114. Energy Performance of Buildings. CENSE, 15.02.2010, pp. 1—7.
-
Rakhnov Oleg Evgen'evich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Saklakov Igor' Yur'evich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
-
Potapov Aleksandr Dmitrievic -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Chair, Department of Engineering Geology and Geoecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The urban environment is a combination of man-made objects (buildings, roads, business-centers, engineering systems of heat, water, energy supply, waste disposal, water disposal, transport, food production, etc.) and elements of the natural environment, which together with the socio -economic factors (cultural-domestic servicing, health care, etc.) influence the population. In respect of its expansion and degree of impact, thermal pollution is one of the biggest forms of physical pollution of the environment: with a fairly high degree of certainty the size of fuel, hot water and steam consumption can be counted together with the degree of thermal pollution of the surrounding area. The problem of thermal pollution has two dimensions: global (planetary) and local.From the engineering point of view, fighting thermal pollution is identical to energy efficiency. The higher is the level of energy-saving policy and work, the more intense is the fight against thermal pollution.Modern urbosystems of major cities are composed not only of residential estate, but also of industrial buildings. Large shopping centers are recently becoming widespread in the cities. These centers and industrial buildings have large storage space as an important logistic element. Business development in Russia radically alters the fundamental approaches to the production and consumption of all types of energy. Considering continuous growth of energy prices, critical condition of municipal heating and electrical grids, unreasonably high tariffs for the service of grid companies, which are usually noncompetitive in the market, the power supply problem is becoming more urgent. Sometimes power and heat interruptions may result in big losses. Any owner is interested in reducing the risks. The trend is that modern business is refocused on the maximum autonomy, which supposes its own source of heat supply. During boiler construction, the question about the efficiency of capital investments, operating and energy costs rises. Capital costs are determined by the heat source power. Heat supply of storage and industrial buildings has a number of features, which should be taken into account during designing. Particularly important is the study of the engineering infrastructure of settlements, industrial complexes in actively developing urbosystems. Design of modern heating systems is running on ecological principles – energy efficiency and resource saving. In this case, the operation of an industrial complex requires uninterrupted heat supply with a view to minimizing costs such as the design and operating costs. The main difference with the housing complex is shooting heat consumption in the end of work shift.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.177-187
References
- Ibragimov M.Kh.-G. Sostoyanie i problemy energetiki Rossii v usloviyakh rynochnoy ekonomiki [Energy Production State and Problems in Russia in the Context of Market System]. Energosberezhenie i vodopodgotovka [Enercy Efficiency and Water Treatment]. 2010, no. 2(64), pp. 2—6.
- Kozhukhovskiy I.S. Energeticheskaya bezopasnost' evropeyskoy chasti Rossii [Energy Security of the European Part of Russia]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Efficiency]. 2013, no. 5, pp. 4—10.
- Dolinskiy A.A., Draganov B.Kh., Mel'nichuk M.D. K voprosu ekologii [On the Problems of Ecology]. Promyshlennaya teplotekhnika [Industrial Heat Technology]. 2011, no. 1, vol. 33, pp. 38—45.
- Kupriyanov V. Strategiya, zadachi i perspektivy razvitiya teplosnabzhayushchey otrasli v Rossii [Strategy, Aims and Prospects of Heat Supply Industry Development in Russia] Kommunal'nyy kompleks Rossii [Utility Complex in Russia]. 2009, no. 9(63), pp. 33—37.
- Bobrov E.A. Sotsial'no-ekonomicheskie problemy krupnykh gorodov i puti ikh resheniya [Social and Economical Problems of Cities and Ways of their Solution]. Nauchnye vedomosti BelGU. Seriya: Estestvennye nauki [Scientific Journal of Belgorod State National Research University. Natural Sciences Series]. 2011, no. 15, pp. 199—208.
- Potapov A.D. Ekologiya [Ecology]. 2nd ed. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola Publ., 2005, 526 p.
- Il'ichev V.A. Printsipy preobrazovaniya goroda v biosferosovmestimyy i razvivayushchiy cheloveka [Principles of the City Transformation into Biosphere Compatible and Developing Human]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 6, pp. 3—13.
- Mogosova N.N. Otsenka ekologicheskogo sostoyaniya territorii v sovremennom gorodskom planirovanii [Assessing Environmental State of an Area in Modern Urban Planning]. Problemy regional'noy ekologii [Problems of Regional Ecology]. 2013, no. 1, pp. 23—28.
- Orlov T.V. Printsipy opredeleniya prostranstvennoy struktury informatsionno-izmeritel'noy seti v sistemakh kompleksnogo geoekologicheskogo monitoringa [The Principles of Spatial Structure Determining of Information Measuring Network in the Systems of Integrated Geoenvironmental Monitoring]. Geoekologiya [Geoecology]. 2008, no. 2, pp. 44—50.
- Telichenko V.I., Slesarev M.Yu., Potapov A.D., Shcherbina E.V. Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost' stroitel'stva [Ecological Security of Construction]. Moscow, Arkhitektura-S Pupl., 2009, 311 p.
- Zimin L.B., Fialko N.M. Analiz effektivnosti teplonasosnykh sistem utilizatsii teploty kanalizatsionnykh stokov dlya teplosnabzheniya sotsial'nykh ob"ektov [Analysis of the Effectiveness of Heat Pump Systems of Sewage Runoff Heat Recovery for Social Facilities Heat Supply]. Promyshlennaya teplotekhnika [Industrial Heat Technology]. 2008, no. 1, pp. 39—41.
- Prituzhalova O.A. Reshenie ekologicheskikh problem gorodov s ispol'zovaniem podkhodov ekologicheskogo menedzhmenta [Solving Environmental Problems of Cities Using Environmental Management Approaches]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Ecology of Urbanized Areas]. 2010, no. 1, pp. 21—26.
- Matashova M.A. Ekologicheskiy podkhod k landshaftno-gradostroitel'nomu preobrazovaniyu territoriy Khabarovska [Ecological Approach to Landscape and Town Planning Transformation of the Khabarovsk Territories]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2010, no. 4, pp. 43—44.
- Kartashova K.K. Gorodskaya sreda kak otrazhenie sotsial'nogo litsa goroda [Urban Environment as a Reflection of Social Face of a City]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Ecology of Urbanized Areas]. 2012, no., pp. 12—17.
- Ivashkina. I.V., Kochurov B.I. Urboekodiagnostika i sbalansirovannoe gorodskoe prirodopol'zovanie: perspektivnye nauchnye napravleniya v geografii i geoekologii [Urboekodiagnostiks and Balanced Urban Environmental Management: Promising Research Areas in Geography and Environmental Geology]. Ekologiya urbanizirovannykh territoriy [Ecology of Urbanized Areas]. 2011, no. 3, pp. 2—6.
- Matusevich V. Programma razvitiya rayonnoy sistemy teplosnabzheniya [The Program of the District Heating System Development]. Kommunal'nyy kompleks Rossii [Utility Complex in Russia]. 2012, no. 10(100), pp. 56—60.
- Naumchik E.M. Optimizatsiya sistemy teplosnabzheniya Minska [Optimization of Minsk Heating Sistem]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Efficiency]. 2011, no. 1, pp.60—66.
- Usenko A.Yu., Usenko Yu.I., Adamenko D.S., Bikmaev S.R. Analiz effektivnosti ispol'zovaniya teplovogo nasosa dlya snabzheniya teplom bytovykh potrebiteley [Analysis of the Use of Heat Pump for Heat Supply of Residential Consumers]. Metallurgicheskaya teplotekhnika: sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Metallurgical Heat Engineering: Collection of Works]. Dnepropetrovsk, Novaya Ideologiya Publ., 2010, pp. 232—241.
- Dmitriev A.N., Kuzina O.V. O metodike i meropriyatiyakh po snizheniyu energoemkosti stroitel'noy produktsii [On the Methods and Activities Aimed at Reduction of the Energy Intensity of Construction Products]. Promyshlennoe i grazhdanskoe stroitel'stvo [Industrial and Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 2, pp. 55—57.
- Shubina E.V., editor. Ekologiya [Ecology]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2008, 159 p.
- Emel'yanov A.G., Tikhomirov O.A., Murav'eva L.V. Ekologicheskoe sostoyanie geosistem i ego kolichestvennaya otsenka [Ecological State of Geosystems and its Quantitative Evaluation]. Problemy regional'noy ekologii [Problems of Regional Ecology]. 2012, no. 6, pp. 6—10.
- Vasil'ev G.P., Timofeev N.A., Kolesova M.F., Dmitriev A.N. Pritochno-vytyazhnaya ventilyatsionnaya ustanovka s teplonasosnoy rekuperatsiey tepla ventilyatsionnykh vybrosov [Supply-extract Ventilation System with Heat pump Heat Recovery of the Ventilation Exhaust]. Energobezopasnost' i energosberezhenie [Energy Security and Energy Efficiency]. 2012, no. 6(48), pp. 14—21.
- Panin V.F. Zashchita biosfery ot energeticheskikh vozdeystviy [Protection of the Biosphere from Energy Impacts]. Tomsk, TPU Publ., 2009, 62 p.
- Baskakov A.P., editor. Teplotekhnika [Heating equipment]. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ. 1991. 224.
- Ryabinkin V.N. O problemakh ucheta teplovoy energii i teplonositeley v kotel'nykh RTS i TES [On the Problems of Thermal Energy and Heat Transfer Account in Boilers of Thermal Power Plant]. Energobezopasnost' i energosberezhenie [Energy Security and Energy Efficiency]. 2006, no. 6(48), pp. 55—62.
- Khavanov P.A. Otsenka zagryazneniya vozdushnogo basseyna vybrosami teplogeneriruyushchikh ustanovok [Estimating Air Pollution by the Emissions of Heat-generating Plants]. Energobezopasnost' i energosberezhenie [Energy Security and Energy Efficiency]. 2010, no. 3, pp. 29—38.
- Soldatenko T.N. Model' ostatochnogo resursa inzhenernykh sistem s vysokim urovnem iznosa [Model residual life of engineering systems with a high level of wear]. Inzhenernostroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 6, pp. 64—72.
- Il'in V.K. Kompleksnoe vnedrenie energosberegayushchego oborudovaniya i tekhnologiy [Integrated implementation of Energy Saving Equipment and Technologies]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Efficiency]. 2002, no. 6, p.52—55.
- Sultanguzin I.A., Potapova A.A., Govorin A.V., Albul A.V. Teplovye nasosy dlya rossiyskikh gorodov [Heat pumps for Russian cities]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Efficiency]. 2011, no. 1, pp. 66—71.
- Eksaev A., Vershinskiy V. Osobennosti i perspektivy primeneniya GTETs dlya snabzheniya potrebiteley teplovoy energiey [Features and Application Prospects of Thermal Power Plants for Consumers of Thermal Energy Supply]. Kommunal'nyy kompleks Rossii [Utility Complex in Russia]. 2013, no. 4(106), pp. 26—32.
- Pugachev S.V. Tekhnicheskoe regulirovanie i voprosy energoeffektivnosti v stroitel'stve [Technical Regulation and Questions on Energy Efficiency in the Construction]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Efficiency]. 2013, no. 2. pp.14—22.
- Fialko ?.?., Sherenkovskiy Yu.V., Prokopov V.G., etc. Energeticheskaya effektivnost' kombinirovannykh sistem traditsionnogo i elektricheskogo otopleniya zdaniy [Energy Efficiency of the Combined Systems of Traditional and Electric Heating of Buildings]. Promyshlennaya teplotekhnika [Industrial Heat Technology]. 2011, no. 5, vol. 33, pp. 49—59.
- Abramov V.V., Agababov V.S., Anichkov S.N. Sovremennye prirodookhrannye tekhnologii v elektroenergetike: informatsionnyy sbornik [Modern Environmental Technologies in the Power Industry: Informational Collection of Works]. Moscow, MEI Publishing House, 2007, 388 p.
- Bryukhan' A.F., Bryukhan' F.F., Potapov A.D. Inzhenerno-ekologicheskie izyskaniya dlya stroitel'stva teplovykh elektrostantsiy [Engineering and Environmental Studies for the Construction of Thermal Power Plants]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2010, 191 p.
- Soldatenko T.N. Ekspertno-statisticheskiy metod otsenivaniya parametrov upravlyayushchikh vozdeystviy na inzhenernye seti zdaniy v usloviyakh neopredelennosti [Expert Statistical Method for Estimating the Parameters of Control Actions on Engineering Network of Buildings in the Context of Uncertainty]. Inzhenerno-stroitel'nyy zhurnal [Magazine of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 5, pp. 60—66.
- Kokorin O.Ya., In'kov A.P. O novom sposobe teplosnabzheniya [On the New Method of Heating]. ZhKKh: zhurnal rukovoditelya i glavnogo bukhgaltera [Housing and Public Utilities: the Journal of Chief Manager and Chief Accountant]. 2012, no. 9, pp. 57—60.
- Rotov P.V., Sharapov V.I. Osobennosti regulirovaniya nagruzki sistem teplosnabzheniya v perekhodnyy period [Features of the Load Control of Heating Systems during Transition Period]. Energosberezhenie i vodopodgotovka [Enercy Efficiency and Water Treatment]. 2010, no. 2(64), pp. 25—29.
-
Samarin Oleg Dmitrievich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Assistant Professor, Department of the Heating and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federa- tion;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
The implementation of energy saving actions in the course of renovation of residential houses is considered by the author in the article. The need to change the mode of operation of heat supply systems and the employment of steam-gas co-generation power plants as a source of heat is demonstrated.
Therefore, the problem of power saving in the course of renovation of residential houses comprises several constituents, and its resolution involves the implementation of a number of interrelated organizational and process-related actions. This is the only way to avoid conflicts and to reduce power consumption and losses at each stage of power generation and transmission absent of any deterioration of the internal microclimate in renovated premises. The implementation of the aforementioned actions will make it possible to convert to the automatic energy consumption reduction mode through the implementation of engineering solutions and without any immediate involvement of legal entities. This methodology may arouse the interest of both producers and consumers of thermal and electric energy.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.5.163 - 166
References
- SNiP 23-02—2003. Teplovaya zashchita zdaniy [Construction Norms and Rules 23-02—2003. Thermal Protection of Buildings]. Moscow, GUP CPP [State Unitary Enterprise Center for Design Products], 2003.
- Samarin O.D. Teplofizika. Energosberezhenie. Energoeffektivnost’. [Thermal Physics. Energy Saving. Energy Efficiency]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2011, 296 p.
- Ionin A.A. Teplosnabzhenie [Heat Supply]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1982, 336 p.
- Skanavi A.N., Makhov L.M. Otoplenie [Heating]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2002, 576 p.
- Samarin O.D. Proizvodstvennye zdaniya: vybor resheniy [Industrial Buildings: Decision Making]. Energoeffektivnost’ i energosberezhenie [Energy Efficiency and Energy Saving]. 2011, no. 9, pp. 20—23.
- Official site of Mosenergo. Available at: www.mosenergo.ru. Date of access: 20.12.2011.
- Šliogerienė J., Kaklauskas A., Zavadskas E.K., Bivainis J., Seniut M. Environment Factors of Energy Companies and Their Effect on Value: Analysis Model and Applied Method. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. 2009, no. 15 (3), pp. 490—521.
-
Samarin Oleg Dmitrievich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Heat and Gas Supply and Ventilation, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
.
This article is devoted to assessment of the influence of variation of daily hot water consumption on the predicted energy effect by using heat recovery of exhaust air in typical exhaust ventilation systems of the most commonly used flat buildings during their switch to the mechanical induction for the pre-heating of water for hot water supply. It outlines the general principle of the organization of this method of energy saving and presents the basic equations of heat transfer in the heat exchanger. The article proposes a simplified method of accounting for changes in the heat transfer coefficient of air-to-water heat exchanger with fluctuations of water demand using existing dependencies for this coefficient from the rate flow of heating and heated fluid through the device. It presents observations to identify the parameters of the real changes of water consumption during the day with the main quantitative characteristics of normally distributed random variables. Calculation of thermal efficiency of the heat exchange equipment using dimensionless parameters through the number of heat transfer under the optimal opposing scheme of fluid motion is completed under conditions of variable water flow rate for the type residential building of the П3-1/16 series using the Monte Carlo method for numerical modeling of stochastic processes. The estimation of the influence of fluctuation of the current water consumption on the instantaneous thermal efficiency factor of the heat exchanger and the total energy consumption of the building is given, and it is shown that the error of said calculation using average daily parameters is within the margin of usual engineering calculation.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2017.3.341-345
-
Gorshkov Aleksandr Sergeevich -
St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, director, Educational and Scientific Center “Monitoring and Rehabilitation of Natural Systems, St. Petersburg Polytechnic University (SPbPU), 29 Politekhnicheskaya str., 195251, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.
Providing energy efficiency of newly designed buildings is an important state task which is considered in EPBD directive and the latest regulations on energy saving. Though reducing energy consumption of the existing building is not less important. The majority of the existing buildings had been built before the implementation of modern energy saving programs. That’s why the volume of energy consumption in the existing buildings is greater than in new buildings. In frames of the given investigation the author considers the problem of forecasting the payback period of investment into reduction of energy consumption in a building. The formula is offered for calculating the projected payback period in energy saving with account for capital costs, calculated or actual value of the achieved energy saving effect, rise in tariffs for energy sources, discounting of the future cash flows and the volume and time for return of credit funds. Basing on the offered calculation methods it is possible to compare the efficiency of different energy saving solutions.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.12.136-146
References
- Pukhkal V., Murgul V., Garifullin M. Reconstruction of Buildings with a Superstructure Mansard: Option to Reduce Energy Intensity of Buildings. Procedia Engineering. 2015, vol. 117, pp. 629—632. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.223.
- Pukhkal V., Vatin N., Murgul V. Central Ventilation System with Heat Recovery as One of Measures to Upgrade Energy Efficiency of Historic Buildings. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014, vol. 633—634, pp. 1077—1081. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.633-634.1077.
- Vatin N., Nemova D., Ibraeva Y., Tarasevskii P. Development of Energy-Saving Measures for the Multi-Story Apartment Buildings. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2015, vol. 725—726, pp. 1408—1416. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.725-726.1408.
- Murgul V., Vuksanovic D., Vatin N., Pukhkal V. The Use of Decentralized Ventilation Systems with Heat Recovery in the Historical Buildings of St. Petersburg. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014, vol. 635—637, pp. 370—376. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.635-637.370.
- Murgul V., Vuksanovic D., Vatin N., Pukhkal V. Decentralized Ventilation Systems with Exhaust Air Heat Recovery in the Case of Residential Buildings. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014, vol. 680, pp. 524—528. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.680.524.
- Aronova E., Radovic G., Murgul V., Vatin N. Solar Power Opportunities in Northern Cities (Case Study of Saint-Petersburg). Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2014, vol. 587—589, pp. 348—354. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.587-589.348.
- Kovalev I.N. Ob okupaemosti i rentabel’nosti dolgosrochnykh investitsiy [On Payback and Profitability of Permanent Investments]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Saving]. 2014, no. 6, pp. 14—16. (In Russian)
- Kovalev I.N. Ratsional’nye resheniya pri ekonomicheskom obosnovanii teplozashchity zdaniy [Rational Solutions in Economic Justification of Thermal Protection of Buildings]. Energosberezhenie [Energy Saving]. 2014, no. 8, pp. 14—19. (In Russian)
- Zhukov A.D., Bessonov I.V., Sapelin A.N., Bobrova E.Yu. Teplozashchitnye kachestva sten [Thermal Insulation Properties of Walls]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2014, no. 5, pp. 70—77. (In Russian)
- Rumyantsev B.M., Zhukov A.D., Smirnova T.V. Energeticheskaya effektivnost’ i metodologiya sozdaniya teploizolyatsionnykh materialov [Energy Efficiency and Methods of Creating Heat-Insulating Materials]. Internet-Vestnik VolgGASU. Seriya : Politematicheskaya [Internet Journal of Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. Multi-Topic Series]. 2014, no. 4 (35), article. 3. Available at: http://vestnik.vgasu.ru/attachments/3RumyantsevZhukovSmirnova.pdf. (In Russian)
- Rumyantsev B.M., Zhukov A.D. Teploizolyatsiya i sovremennye stroitel’nye sistemy [Heat Insulation and Modern Construction Systems]. Krovel’nye i izolyatsionnye materialy [Roofing and Insulation Materials]. 2013, no. 6, pp. 11—13. (In Russian)
- Rumyantsev B.M., Zhukov A.D., Smirnova T.V. Teploprovodnost’ vysokoporistykh materialov [Thermal Conductivity of Highly Porous Materials]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2012, no. 3, pp. 108—114. (In Russian)
- Zhukov A.D. Sistemy ventiliruemykh fasadov [Systems of Ventilated Facades]. Stroitel’stvo: nauka i obrazovanie [Construction: Science and Education]. 2012, no. 1, article 3. Available at: http://www.nso-journal.ru/index.php/sno/pages/view/01-2012. (In Russian)
- Zhukov A.D., Chugunkov A.V., Zhukova E.A. Sistemy fasadnoy otdelki s utepleniem [System of Faсade Finishing with Heat Insulation]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2011, no. 1—2, pp. 279—283. (In Russian)
- Gagarin V.G., Pastushkov P.P. Ob otsenke energeticheskoy effektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy [On Evaluating Energy Efficiency of Energy Saving Measures]. Inzhenernye sistemy. AVOK Severo-Zapad [Engineering Systems. AVOK North-West]. 2014, no. 2, pp. 26—29. (In Russian)
- Gagarin V.G., Pastushkov P.P. Kolichestvennaya otsenka energoeffektivnosti energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy [Quantitative Assessment of Energy Efficiency of Energy Saving Measures]. Stroitel’nye materialy [Construction Materials]. 2013, no. 6, pp. 7—9. (In Russian)
- Gorshkov A.S. Inzhenernye sistemy. Rukovodstvo po proektirovaniyu, stroitel’stvu i rekonstruktsii zdaniy s nizkim potrebleniem energii [Engineering Systems. Manual on Design, Construction and Reconstruction of Buildings with Low Energy Consumption]. Saint Petersburg, Izdatel’stvo Politekhnicheskogo universiteta Publ., 2013, 162 p. (In Russian)
- Metodicheskie rekomendatsii po sostavleniyu tekhniko-ekonomicheskikh obosnovaniy dlya energosberegayushchikh meropriyatiy (dopolnenie) [Guidelines on Technical and Economic Justification for Energy Saving Measures (Addendum). Minsk, 2008, 31 p. (In Russian)
- Vasil’ev G.P., editor. Prakticheskoe posobie po povysheniyu energeticheskoy effektivnosti mnogokvartirnykh domov (MKD) pri kapital’nom remonte : v 9 tomakh [Practical Guide on Increasing Energy Efficiency of Multiflat Buildings during Major Repairs : in 9 Volumes]. Moscow, OAO «INSOLAR-INVEST» Publ., 2015, vol. 1, 89 p. (In Russian)
- Kurochkina K.Yu., Gorshkov A.S. Vliyanie avtoregulirovaniya na parametry energopotrebleniya zhilykh zdaniy [Influence of Autoregulation on the Parametres of Energy Consumption of Residential Buildings]. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures]. 2015, no. 4 (31), pp. 220—231. (In Russian)
- Gubina I.A., Gorshkov A.S. Energosberezhenie v zdaniyakh pri utilizatsii tepla vytyazhnogo vozdukha [Energy Saving in Buildings in Case of Heat Recovery of the Transfer Air]. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures]. 2015, no. 4 (31), pp. 209—219. (In Russian)
- Nemova D.V., Gorshkov A.S., Vatin N.I., Kashabin A.V., Tseytin D.N., Rymkevich P.P. Tekhniko-ekonomicheskoe obosnovanie po utepleniyu naruzhnykh sten mnogokvartirnogo zhilogo zdaniya s ustroystvom ventiliruemogo fasada [Technical and Economic Justification of Heat Insulation of External Walls of a Residential Apartment Building with Ventilated Faсade System]. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures]. 2014, no. 11 (26), pp. 70—84. (In Russian)
- Gorshkov A.S., Rymkevich P.P., Nemova D.V., Vatin N.I. Metodika rascheta okupaemosti investitsiy po renovatsii fasadov sushchestvuyushchikh zdaniy [Methods of Calculating Payback of Facades Renovation of the Excising Buildings]. Stroitel’stvo unikal’nykh zdaniy i sooruzheniy [Construction of Unique Buildings and Structures]. 2014, no. 2 (17), pp. 82—106. (In Russian)
- Gabriel’ I., Ladner Kh. Rekonstruktsiya zdaniy po standartam energoeffektivnogo doma [Reconstruction of Buildings According to Standards of Energy Efficient House]. Translated from German. Saint Petersburg, BKhV-Peterburg Publ., 2011, 480 p. (Construction and Architecture) (In Russian)