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SAFETY OF BUILDING SYSTEMS. ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS. GEOECOLOGY

TECHNICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF POTABLE WATER FLUORINATION

Vestnik MGSU 3/2012
  • Alekseev Leonid Sergeevich - Moscow State Academy of Municipal Engineering and Construction (MSAMEC) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Public and Industrial Water Consumption, Moscow State Academy of Municipal Engineering and Construction (MSAMEC), 30 Sr. Kalitnikovskaja St., Moscow, 109807, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Ivleva Galina Alekseevna - OAO NII VODGEO Candidate of Technical Sciences, Senior Researcher, Director of Laboratory of Water Industry of the Institute of Water Supply, Sewage, Hydraulic Works and Groundwater Hydrology, OAO NII VODGEO, Building 2, 42 Komsomolskij prospect, Moscow, 119048; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Zaed Sadik Abrahem Al-Amri - Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering postgraduate student, Department of Hydraulics, Water Supply and Water Discharge, Voronezh State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 84 20-letija Oktjabrja St., Voronezh, 394006; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 154 - 158

Water and milk-free products are the principal sources of fluorine; they account for the 80% of the total amount of fluorine consumed by adults, depending on the fluorine content in the potable water. The bigger the fluorine content in the water, the higher the number of fluorosis cases, while number of caries cases is reduced. Fluorine contributes to formation of the bone tissue, enamelogenesis and tooth dentine. Fluorine also has a strong cavity protection effect.
The optimal fluorine content varies between 1….1.5 mg/dm3. Its concentration range is determined by maximal day-time air temperatures, as the amount of potable water consumed during the day is dependent on temperature variations.
Desalination of sea water aimed at its conversion into potable water means removal of fluorine; therefore, any water desalinated by way of distillation and reverse osmos needs fluorination.
In the domestic practice, dosing of solutions of the fluorine-containing agent is applied. The recommendation is to use solutions of sodium fluoride with the fluorine content of 45.3 % and silicofluoric sodium or ammonium with the fluorine content of 64 %. In the USA, dry dosing of fluorine-containing agents is applied, as the fine-grained powder of agent А1FSО4·Н2О is added to the water subjected to treatment. The agent is neither corrosive, nor toxic.
Besides, fluorination prevents development of osteoporosis.
Approximately 355 million of people worldwide consume artificially fluorinated water. Other 50 million consume water that contains natural fluorine, the concentration of which is equal to 1 mg/dm3.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.3.154 - 158

References
  1. Alekseev L.S. Kontrol’ kachestva vody [Water Quality Control]. Moscow, Infra-M, 2010.
  2. Somov M.A., Zhurba M.G. Vodosnabzhenie [Water Supply]. Vol. 1, Ìoscow, ASV, 2010.

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AQUATIC SYSTEM AS THE SUBJECT OF AQUATIC ECOLOGY AND THE STARTING POINT OF THE WATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGY

Vestnik MGSU 2/2012
  • Alekseev Evgenij Valer'evich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Head of Department of Water Supply and Aquatic Ecology 8 (499) 183-54-56, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 140 - 144

Discrete properties of substances found in the water can provide exhaustive information about the substances contained in it. However, they do not provide any information about the interaction between the substances and the water, or between themselves, or the overall properties of the aquatic system. Therefore, they cannot serve as the basis for the systemic approach to development of efficient water treatment technologies.
The author's suggestion is to introduce the term "aquatic system" as a description of the properties of natural and sewerage water. An aquatic system represents a collection of interconnected substances and phenomena in the aquatic medium. Therefore, natural and sewerage water represent aquatic systems, or mixtures of substances that have different origins, that interact with one another on a non-stop basis, and that are interrelated, and that interact with the water at one and the same time. Primary features of aquatic systems are considered in the article, including genesis, stability, and localization. Secondary features of aquatic systems, including their aggregate state, their biotic state, and their chemical composition.
The research of aquatic systems of natural and sewerage waters, their structure and interrelations identifies the top-priority subject of research in the aquatic ecology. Therefore, the subject matter of the aquatic ecology represents the area of research, learning and systematization of features and properties of natural and man-made aquatic systems. This area of research dives way to a new trend of the methodology of modeling and optimization of natural and sewerage water treatment technologies. Aquatic ecology is to develop the principal provisions aimed at the improvement of water treatment technologies based on the properties of aquatic systems.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.140 - 144

References
  1. Shvecov V.N., Morozova K.M., Mjasnikov I.N. and others. Klassifikator tehnologij ochistki stochnyh vod [Classified Technologies of Sewerage Water Treatment Technologies]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaja tehnika [Water Supply and Sanitation Machinery], 2004, Issue # 5, pp. 2—4.
  2. Zhurba M.G., Sokolov L.I., Govorova Zh.M. Vodosnabzhenie. Proektirovanie sistem i sooruzhenij [Water Supply. Design of Systems and Structures], methodological guide, edited by professor Zhurba M.G. Moscow, ASV, 2004, volume 2.
  3. Zhurba M.G., Nechaev A.P., Ivleva G.A. and others. Klassifikatory tehnologij ochistki prirodnyh vod [Classifiers of Natural Water Treatment Technologies]. Moscow, GPI Sojuzvodokanalproekt, 2000, 118 p.

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REASONING THE NEED TO INTRODUCE THE MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY OF WATER TREATMENT AT HEAT-AND-POWER PLANTS OF ASTRAKHAN

Vestnik MGSU 11/2012
  • Boronina Lyudmila Vladimirovna - Astrakhan Institute of Civil Engineering (AISI) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Astrakhan Institute of Civil Engineering (AISI), 18 Tatishcheva st., Astrakhan, 414056, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Usynina Anna Eduardovna - Astrakhan Institute of Civil Engineering (AISI) postgraduate student, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Astrakhan Institute of Civil Engineering (AISI), 18 Tatishcheva st., Astrakhan, 414056, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Andrianov Aleksey Petrovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 198 - 203

An overview of water treatment technologies employed at the heat-and-power plants of
Astrakhan is made by the authors. Water treatment facilities are in a very poor condition. As a result,
heat-and-power equipment suffers from considerable scaling, fouling and corrosion problems. New
membrane technologies, including ultra-filtration and nano-filtration, seem to be a promising way to
improve the water quality. The evaluation of the present-day water treatment efficiency with account
for the effective standards and requirements makes it possible to conclude that new pressure-driven
membrane processes must be implemented at heat-and-power plants.
Membrane technologies will improve the quality of water processed at operating power generating
stations or the quality of the water supplied to new structures of the city of Astrakhan; they will
reduce the reagent consumption rate and improve the role of water purification systems as barriers
that prevent water contamination. Besides, membranes ensure a high efficiency of turbidity removal,
and membrane facilities are small and simple in operation. The main difference of membrane technologies
if compared to conventional sedimentation and filtration systems consists in the high quality
of water irrespective of fluctuations in the temperature and composition of inflowing flows of water.
Authors are going to continue their research into the issue of potential wide-scale introduction
of newly developed techniques at the heat-and-power plants of Astrakhan to provide clear water to
boiler plants at low operational costs. The research results indicate that the above approach has a
strong potential in terms of water treatment in the power industry. The new procedure was developed
by the authors to identify and project the scaling and fouling rates within membrane modules
and to predict the membrane performance (permeate flux) depending on the feed water quality and
modes of operation.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.11.198 - 203

References
  1. RD 34.37.504—83 (NR 34-70-051—83) Normy kachestva podpitochnoy i setevoy vody teplovykh setey: Izmenennaya redaktsiya, Izm. ¹ 1, ¹ 2 Vstupitel’naya chast’ otmenena, Izm. ¹ 3. [Regulatory Document 34.37.504—83 (New Edition 34-70-051—83). Quality Standards Applicable to Make-up and Heating-system Water: Updated Edition, Update 1, 2 (Introduction Invalidated)]. 6 p.
  2. Kopylov A.S., Lavygin V.M., Ochkov V.F. Vodopodgotovka v energetike [Water Treatment in Power Engineering]. Moscow, MEI Publ., 2003, 320 p.
  3. Alykova T.V., Boronina L.V., Kudryashova A.E., Suloeva O.E. Sozdanie novykh ul’trafil’trov [Development of New Ultrafi lters]. Geologiya, geografi ya i global’naya energiya [Geology, Geography and Global Energy]. 2010, no. 4(39), pp. 111—115.
  4. Andrianov A.P., Pervov A.G. Metodika opredeleniya parametrov ekspluatatsii ul’tra-fil’tratsionnykh sistem ochistki prirodnykh vod [Method of Identification of Parameters of Operation of Ultra-filtration Systems of Natural Water Purification]. Kriticheskie tekhnologii. Membrany. [Critical Technologies. Membranes.]. 2003, no. 2(18), pp. 3—22.
  5. Andrianov A.P., Pervov A.G. Perspektivy primeneniya membrannykh metodov ul’trafil’tratsii i nanofil’tratsii na krupnykh vodoprovodnykh stantsiyakh [Prospects for Application of Membrane Ultrafiltration and Nano-filtration Methods at Extensive Waterworks]. Proekty razvitiya infrastruktury goroda. Vyp. 4. Kompleksnye programmy i inzhenernye resheniya v oblasti ekologii gorodskoy sredy [Projects for Development of the Urban Infrastructure. No. 4. Comprehensive Programmes and Engineering Solutions in the Field of the Ecology of the Urban Environment]. Collected works. Moscow, Prima Press Publ., 2004, pp. 101—109.
  6. Pervov A.G., Motovilova N.B., Andrianov A.P., Efremov R.V. Razrabotka sistem ochistki tsvetnykh vod severnykh rayonov na osnove tekhnologiy nano-fi l’tratsii i ul’trafi l’tratsii [Development of Systems of Treatment of Colored Waters in the Northern Areas on the Basis of Technologies of Nano-filtration and Ultra-filtration]. Ochistka i konditsionirovanie prirodnykh vod [Treatment and Conditioning of Natural Waters]. Collected works. VODGEO Publ., 2004, no. 5, pp. 99—106.

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