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TECHNOLOGY OF CONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES. MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT

NEW TECHNOLOGIES TO SOLVE THE PRESENT-DAY CHALLENGES OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT

Vestnik MGSU 2/2012
  • Zaletova Nina Anatol'evna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Sewerage and Aquatic Ecology 8 (499) 183-27-65, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Voronov Jurij Viktorovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Sewerage and Aquatic Ecology 8 (499) 183-27-65, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MSUCE), 26 Jaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russia; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 109 - 111

The author argues that the current standards of the quality of discharged waste waters are the drivers of new technologies of their treatment. Now traditional biological treatment is considered a universal method. However, compliance with the most recent standards requires that efficient removal of phosphorus in the course of biological processes must rise from 20 - 40 % to 98 - 99 %, efficiency of treatment of ammonium must go up to 98 - 99 %, while the share of nitrate and nitrite compounds formed in the course of biological treatment must be limited.
Given the fact that the contemporary method of treatment of waste water must meet the ecological requirements and be economical, improved technologies of biological treatment are most acceptable ones.
For practical purposes, the most solicited technologies are those that are based on the alternation of aerobic and anaerobic conditions of treatment of waste waters and/or active sludge. The most widely spread aerobic - anaerobic technology of treatment employs the method of biological nitrification - de-nitrification, which is the only method of removing all nitrogen compounds (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate) in accordance with the regulations that are effective in our country.
Any accompanying microflora boosts the overall biomass, and the laminar structure of the biological film assures the simultaneity of both aerobic and anaerobic processes, and, therefore, it intensifies the process of treatment.
Application of chemical treatment is an essential constituent of the waste water treatment technology, as it assures in-depth removal of phosphorus.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.2.109 - 111

References
  1. Muhin V.A. Kur'janovskie ochistnye sooruzhenija — startovaja ploschadka dlja novejshih tehnologij [Kurianovo Treatment Plants as the Starting Point for New Technologies], VST, 2011, Issue # 3.
  2. Sankt-Peterburg pokinul spisok zagrjaznitelej Baltijskogo morja [Saint-Petersburg Is Off the List of Baltic Sea Contaminators]. VST, Issue # 7, 2011.
  3. Zaletova N.A. Ochistka gorodskih stochnyh vod ot biogennyh veschestv (soedinenij azota i fosfora) [Urban Waste Water Treatment from Nutrients (Nitrogen and Phosphorus)]. Thesis of dissertation for the title of doctor of technical sciences. Moscow, 1999.

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Biological wastewater treatment in brewhouses

Vestnik MGSU 3/2014
  • Voronov Yuriy Viktorovich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Water Disposal and Water Ecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Bertsun Svetlana Petrovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Master, Department of Water Disposal and Water Ecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 205-211

In the article the working principles of wastewater biological treatment for food companies is reviewed, including dairies and breweries, the waters of which are highly concentrated with dissolved organic contaminants and suspended solids. An example of successful implementation is anaerobic-aerobic treatment plants. Implementation of these treatment plants can achieve the required wastewater treatment at the lowest operational expenses and low volumes of secondary waste generated. Waste water from the food companies have high concentration of various organic contaminants (fats, proteins, starch, sugar, etc.). For such wastewater, high rates of suspended solids, grease and other contaminants are characteristic. Wastewater food industry requires effective purification flowsheets using biological treatment facilities. At the moment methods for the anaerobic-aerobic purification are applied. One of such methods is the treatment of wastewater at ASB-reactor (methane reactor) and the further tertiary treatment on the OSB-reactor (aeration). Anaerobic process means water treatment processes in anoxic conditions. The anaerobic treatment of organic contamination is based on the process of methane fermentation - the process of converting substances to biogas. The role of biological effluent treatment is discussed with special attention given to combined anaerobic/aerobic treatment. Combining anaerobic pre-treatment with aerobic post-treatment integrates the advantages of both processes, amongst which there are reduced energy consumption (net energy production), reduced biological sludge production and limited space requirements. This combination allows for significant savings for operational costs as compared to complete aerobic treatment without compromising the required discharge standards. Anaerobic treatment is a proven and energy efficient method to treat industrial wastewater effluents. These days, more and more emphasis is laid on low energy use, a small reactor surface area, low chemical usage and reduced sludge handling costs. When stringent discharge limits have to be met, in many cases anaerobic treatment is followed by aerobic post treatment. During aerobic polishing, final traces of organic pollution (COD/BOD) and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous can effectively be removed. Besides the decrease in the biosolids quantity, the quality of the aerobic sludge is often improved. With anaerobic pre-treatment biodegradable carbohydrates are less easily present in the aerobic reactor inlet. As a result, the number of filamentous bacteria causing bulking sludge in activated sludge plants, is significantly reduced. This results in an improved settleability of the aerobic sludge and consequently a more stable and secure operation of the activated sludge plant. Finally, due to the higher mineralization grade dewaterability of aerobic sludge from activated sludge plants after anaerobic pre-treatment it is often better than without anaerobic pre-treatment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.3.205-211

References
  1. Vayser T., Chebotareva M. Ochistka stochnykh vod na pivovarennykh zavodakh [Wastewater Treatment on Brewing Factories]. Official site of EnviroChemie. Available at: http://envopur.ru/public/beer1.htm. Date of access: 15.11.2013.
  2. Vayser T. Ochistnye sooruzheniya dlya pivovarennykh zavodov i solodoven [Treatment Facilities for Brewing Factories and Malt Houses]. Official site of EnviroChemie. Available at: http://enviro-chemie1.livejournal.com/18766.html. Date of access: 15.11.2013.
  3. Ayvazyan S.S. Chubakova E.Ya., Manuylova T.A. Osnovnye napravleniya ekologizatsii pivovarennoy promyshlennosti [Basic Directions of Beer Industry Ecologization]. Pivo i napitki. [Beer and Beverages]. 2006, no. 2. pp. 8—10.
  4. Vayser T., Khell'mann V., Chebotareva M. Ochistka stochnykh vod pivovarennykh predpriyatiy [Wastewater Treatment of Breweries]. Pivo i napitki [Beer and Beverages]. 2001, no.1, pp. 30—31.
  5. Ochistka stochnykh vod. Tekhnologiya Greenfort [Wastewater Treatment. Greenfort Technology]. Official site of Jurby Water Tech International. Available at: http://www.jurby.com/ru/tehnologii-i-produkty/ochistka-stocnyx-vod/. Date of access: 15.11.2013.
  6. Liu Y., Xu H.L., Yang S.F., Tay J.H. Mechanisms and Models for Anaerobic Granulation in Upfl ow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor. Water Research. 2003, vol. 3, no.3, pp. 661—673. DOI: 10.1016/S0043-1354(02)00351-2.
  7. Sam-Soon P., Loewenthal R.E., Dold P.L., Marais Gv.R. Hypothesis for Pelletisation in the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactor. Water SA. 1987, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 69—80.
  8. Golub N.B. Povyshenie vykhoda energonositeley pri ochistke stochnykh vod [Increasing Energy Output in the Process of Wastewater Treatment]. Voda i Ekologiya [Water and Ecology]. 2013, no. 4, pp. 41—50.
  9. Ginkel S.W., Oh S.E., Logan Â.Å. Biohydrogen Gas Production from Food Processing and Domestic Wastewaters. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2005. vol. 30, no. 15, pp. 1535—1542. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2004.09.017.
  10. Vayser T., Khell'mann V., Chebotareva M. Ochistka stochnykh vod pivovarennykh predpriyatiy [Wastewater Treatment of Breweries]. Pivo i napitki [Beer and Beverages]. 2001, no.1, pp. 24—25.
  11. Anaerobnyy reaktor R2S [Anaerobic Reactor R2S]. Official site of Pineco. Available at: http://www.peneco.net/equipment/31/anaerobnyy-reaktor-r2s/. Date of access: 15.11.2013.
  12. Voronov Yu.V., Kudin A.V. Biologicheskaya ochistka stochnykh vod malykh naselennykh punktov i ob"ektov sel'skokhozyaystvennogo naznacheniya (chast' 2) [Biological Wastewater Treatment of Small Settlements and Facilities of an Agricultural Nature (part 2)]. Moscow, 1991, pp. 34—45.
  13. Lur'e A. A. Analiticheskaya khimiya promyshlennykh stochnykh vod. [Analytical Chemistry of Industrial Wastewater]. Moscow, 1978, 440 p.
  14. Yakovlev S.V., Skirdov I.V., Shvetsov V.N., Bondarev A.A., Andrianov Yu.N. Biologicheskaya ochistka proizvodstvennykh stochnykh vod. Protsessy, apparaty i sooruzheniya [Biological Treatment of Industrial Wastewater. Processes, Machines and Facilities]. Moscow, 1985, pp. 179—189.
  15. Thaveesri J., Daffonchio D., Liessens B., Vandermeren P., Verstraete W. Granulation and Sludge Bed Stability in Upfl ow Anaerobic Sludge Bed Reactors in Relation to Surface Thermodynamics. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1995, no. 61(10), pp. 3681—3686.

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Microbiological specifics of the phosphate removal systems with the help of reinforced materials

Vestnik MGSU 4/2014
  • Ruzhitskaya Ol’ga Andreevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Wastewater Disposal and Aquatic Ecology, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, 129337, Moscow, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 1832765; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 135-141

The author presents the results of microbiological studies aimed at investigating the deep removal of phosphates from household wastewater. A method for deep cleaning of waste water using reinforced materials is provided. The living culture study in activated sludge and biofilm in the light microscope showed activating effect of the reinforced loading material on the life of microflora in activated sludge and biofilm. A steel wire in the the feed material has a significant impact on the number and variety of species of protozoa in the activated sludge, and also leads to rapid development of Chlorella sp. The study of the living culture of activated sludge and biofilm in the light microscope showed that the reinforced material activates the vital functions of the activated sludge microflora and biofilms, as well as the diversity of their species composition. The studies have confirmed that chlorella multiplies in an environment rich with iron, absorbs phosphorus from the environment and actively produces oxygen, providing bacterial biomass with it. This fact explains the increase in the removal of organic contaminants, as well as the influence of the reinforced material on the second step of nitrification.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.4.135-141

References
  1. Ruzhitskaya O.A., Salomeev V.P., Gogina E.S. Ispol'zovanie armirovannogo zagruzochnogo materiala dlya intensifikatsii protsessov ochistki stochnykh vod ot fosfatov i organicheskikh zagryazneniy [Using Reinforced Feed for Intensification of Wastewater Treatment from Phosphates and Organic Contaminants]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2013. no. 6, pp. 43—47.
  2. Gogina E.S., Makisha Nikolay. Reconstruction of Waste Water Treatment Plants in Russia, Approaches and Solutions. Applied Mechanics and Materials. 2013, vol. 361—363, pð. 628—631.
  3. Andreeva V.M. Rod Chlorella [Genus Chlorella]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1975.
  4. Leonova L.I., Stupina V.V. Vodorosli v doochistke stochnykh vod [Algae in the Advanced Treatment of Wastewater]. Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publ., 1990.
  5. Chong F.M.Y., Wong Y.S., Tam N.F.Y. Performance of Different Microalgal Species in Removing Nickel and Zinc from Industrial Wastewater. Chemosphere. 2000, no. 1, pp. 251—257.
  6. Fytianos K., Voudrias E., Raikos N. Modelling of Phosphorus Removal from Aqueous and Wastewater Samples Using Ferric Iron. Environmental Pollution. 1998, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 123—130.
  7. Blackall L.L., Cricetti G.R., Saunders A.M., Bond Ph. L. A Review and Update of the Microbiology of Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment Plants. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 2002, vol. 81, no. 1—4, pp. 681—691. DOI: 10.1023/A:1020538429009.
  8. De-Bashan L.E., Moreno M., Hernandez J.P., Bashan Y. Removal of Ammonium and Phosphorus Ions from Synthetic Wastewater by the Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris Coimmobilized in Alginate Beads with the Microalgae Growth-promoting Bacterium Azospirillum Brasilense. Water Research. 2002, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 2941—2948.
  9. De-Bashan L.E., Hernandez J.P., Morey T., Bashan Y. Microalgae Growth-promoting Bacteria as «Helpers» for Microalgae: a Novel Approach for Removing Ammonium and Phosphorus from Municipal Wastewater. Water Research. 2004, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 466—474.
  10. Sriwiriyarat T., Randall C. W. Performance of IFAS Wastewater Treatment Processes for Biological Phosphorus Removal. Water Research. 2005, vol. 39, no. 16, pp. 3873—3884.
  11. Guzzon A., Bohn A., Diociaiuti M., Albertano P. Cultured Phototrophic Biofilms for Phosphorus Removal in Wastewater Treatment. Water Research. 2008, vol. 42, no. 16, pp. 4357—4367.
  12. Moelants N., Smets I.Y., Van Impe J.F. The Potential of an Iron Rich Substrate for Phosphorus Removal in Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems. Separation and Purification Technology. 2011, vol. 77, no. 1, pp. 40—45. DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2010.11.017.
  13. Boelee N.C., Temmink H., Janssen M., Buisman C.J.N., Wijffels R.H. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal from Municipal Wastewater Effluent Using Microalgal Biofilms. Water Research. 2011, vol. 45, no. 18, pp. 5925—5933. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2011.08.044.
  14. Lopez-Vazcues C.M., Hooijmans C.M., Brdjanovic D., Gijzen H.J., van Loosdrecht M.C.M. Factors Affecting the Microbial Populations at Full-scale Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Netherlands. Water Research. 2008, vol. 42, no. 10—11, pp. 2349—2360.
  15. Krzemieniewski M., Debowski M., Janczukowicz W. The Influence of Different Intensity Electromagnetic Fields on Phosphorus and Cod Removal from Domestic Wastewater in Steel Packing Systems. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 2004, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 381—387.

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RETROFIT TECHNOLOGIES OF COMPREHENSIVE GROUNDWATER CONDITIONING

Vestnik MGSU 5/2013
  • Kvartenko Aleksandr Nikolaevich - Octane Firm State-owned Enterprise Сandidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Researcher; +38 0362 26-36-32, Octane Firm State-owned Enterprise, 9 Kavkazskaya st., Rivne, 330028, Ukraine.
  • Govorova Zhanna Mikhaylovna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Doctor of Тechnical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Department of Water Supply; +7 (499) 183-36-29., Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 117-125

In this paper, the authors analyze the quality of the groundwater in the north-western region of Ukraine and propose the reassessment of a number of retrofit technologies for their comprehensive treatment. The authors argue that the underground water is a multi-component system. The authors propose a set of biological, physical and chemical methods of water treatment for a synergistic effect.The authors suggest reducing the number of consecutive water treatment units and using an advanced technology (activation of biological and physicochemical processes in a constant magnetic field). Another suggestion is the application of a set of technologies integrated into traditional methods of biological treatment. The authors also propose a consistent process of water treatment, so that the sub-processes within it were able to activate each other at each subsequent stage to achieve a synergistic effect. Degradation of organic iron requires a biologically active environment. The underlying technology can be transformed into more sophisticated process patterns depending on the quality of water exposed to treatment.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.5.117-125

References
  1. Kraynov S.R., Shvets V.M. Geokhimiya podzemnykh vod khozyaystvennopit’evogo naznacheniya [Geochemistry of Potable Groundwater]. Moscow, Nedra Publ., 1987, 237 p.
  2. Lukashevich O.D., Pilipenko V.G. Bezopasnost' pit'evogo vodosnabzheniya kak mezhvedomstvennaya problema [Safety of Drinking Water as an Interagency Problem]. Bezopasnost’ zhiznedeyatel’nosti [Life Safety]. 2003, no. 12, pp. 30—35.
  3. Nats³onal’na dopov³d’ pro yak³st’ pitno¿ vodi ta stan pitnogo vodopostachannya v Ukra¿n³ u 2003 rots³. R³vne, NUVGP Publ., 2005.
  4. Nikoladze G.I. Uluchshenie kachestva podzemnykh vod [Groundwater Quality Improvement]. Moscow, Stroyizdat Publ., 1987, 240 p.
  5. Zhurba M.G., Govorova Zh.M., Vasechkin Yu.S. Optimizatsiya kompleksa tekhnologicheskikh protsessov vodoochistki [Optimization of Process Patterns of Water Treatment]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2001, no. 5, pp. 5—8.
  6. Zhurba M.G., Govorova Zh.M., Kvartenko A.N., Govorov O.B. Biokhimicheskoe obezzhelezivanie i demanganatsiya podzemnykh vod [Biochemical Removal of Iron and Manganese from the Groundwater]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2006, no. 9, pp.17—23.
  7. Kvartenko A.N. Konditsionirovanie nizkoshchelochnykh podzemnykh vod, soderzhashchikh zhelezoguminovye kompleksy [Conditioning of Low-alkaline Groundwater Containing Humic-iron Substances]. Naukoviy v³snik bud³vnitstva. Zb³rnik nauko-vikh prats’. [Scientific Bulletin of Construction. Collection of Scientific Works]. Hark³v, HDTUBA Publ., 2011, no. 63, pp. 406—414.
  8. Safonov N.A., Kvartenko A.N., Safonov A.N. Samopromyvayushchiesya vodoochistnye ustanovki (Tekhnologii, konstruktsii i raschet). [Self-washing Water Treatment Plant (Technology, Design and Analysis)]. Rovno, RGTU Publ., 2000, 155 p.
  9. Serpokrylov N.S., Vil'son E.V., Getmantsev S.V., Marochkin A.A. Ekologiya ochistki stochnykh vod fiziko-khimicheskimi metodami [Wastewater Treatment Using Physicochemical Methods]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2009, 264 p.
  10. Zhurba M.G., Kvartenko A.N. Aktivatsiya bioflokulyatsionnykh protsessov vodopodgotovki v postoyannom magnitnom pole [Activation of Bioflocculation Water Treatment Processes in the Constant Magnetic Field]. Voda: khimiya i ekologiya [Water: Chemistry and Ecology]. 2009, no. 3, pp. 20—27.
  11. R. Moro et al., Physical Review Letters, 97, 123401, 18 September, 2006.
  12. A. Michaelides, K. Morgenstern. Ice nano-clusters at hydrophobic metal surfaces. Science, no. 6, 17 June, 2007, pp. 597—601.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF BARRIER CAPABILITIES OF SMALL MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS IN VOLOGDA REGION

Vestnik MGSU 12/2012
  • Kulakov Artem Alekseevich - Vologda State University (VoGU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Water supply and Waste Water Treatment, Vologda State University (VoGU), 15 Lenina str., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 182 - 191

The findings of the research project that encompasses 137 small municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are presented in the paper. The source data for the research is the official statistical reporting according to Form № 2-TP (water) submitted in 2010, as well as the information on completed and approved projects that demonstrate admissible discharge standards.
The method of environmental assessment of barrier capabilities of municipal WWTP based on six major indicators (TSS, BOD, N-NH4+, N-NO2-, N-NO3-, P-PO43-) is proposed to ensure compliance with the present-day environmental standards.
The maximal likelihood of incompliance with the pre-set standards is demonstrated by phosphorus phosphate (97 %), ammonium nitrogen (95 %) and nitrite nitrogen (79 %). The substances that demonstrate their maximal excessive content in the wastewater include phosphorus phosphate (its content exceeds the admissible standard 18-fold), ammonium nitrogen (21.7-fold excess) and nitrite nitrogen (7.6-fold excess).This overview indicates a low possibility of compliance of the content of N-NH4+, N-NO2-, and P-PO43- with the environmental standards that extend to biological WWTPs.
The highest relative excess of the admissible content of admixtures is typical for the plants that have a design capacity of 600-800 m3/day and that process 50-200 m3/day. The lowest relative excess of the admissible content of admixtures is typical for the plants that have a design capacity of over 1,000 m3/day and that process over 500 m3/day. The average relative excess of the admissible content of admixtures for all plants equals to 8.4 times.
The ecological assessment of the barrier capabilities of small municipal WWTPs has proven that their compliance with the standards of admissible content of N-NH4+, N-NO2-, and P-PO43- in the wastewater is impossible to attain in practice.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.12.182 - 191

References
  1. Doklad o sostoyanii i okhrane okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti v 2009 godu [Report on Condition and Protection of the Environment in Vologda Region in 2009]. Pravitel’stvo Vologodskoy oblasti, departament prirodnykh resursov i okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti [Government of Vologda Region, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of Vologda Region]. Vologda, 2010, 236 p.
  2. Federal’nyy zakon ot 10.01.2002 ¹ 7-FZ «Ob okhrane okruzhayushchey sredy» [Federal Law no. 7-FZ of January 10, 2002 “About Environmental Protection”].
  3. Metodika razrabotki normativov dopustimykh sbrosov veshchestv i mikroorganizmov v vodnye ob”ekty dlya vodopol’zovateley: prikaz MPR RF ot 17 dekabrya 2007 g. ¹ 333 [Methodology of development of standards of admissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies to be complied with by water consumers. Decree no. 333 issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources on December 17, 2007].
  4. Ponamoreva L.S. Rekomendatsii po primeneniyu «Metodiki razrabotki normativov dopustimykh sbrosov veshchestv i mikroorganizmov v vodnye ob”ekty dlya vodopol’zovateley» [Recommendations concerning development of standards of admissible discharges of substances and microorganisms into water bodies to be complied with by water consumers]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2009, no. 2, pp. 4—15.
  5. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A., Umarov M.F. Issledovanie bar’ernykh vozmozhnostey traditsionnoy biologicheskoy ochistki stochnykh vod na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Research of Barrier Capabilities of Traditional Methods of Biological Treatment of Wastewater Using Process Modeling Techniques]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 33—36.
  6. Gogina E.S. Udalenie biogennykh elementov iz stochnykh vod [Removal of Biogenic Elements from the Wastewater]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2010, 120 p.
  7. Federal’nyy zakon ot 07.12.2011 ¹ 416-FZ «O vodosnabzhenii i vodootvedenii» [Federal Law no. 416-FZ of December 07, 2011 “On Water Supply and Water Discharge”].
  8. Colmenarejo M.F., Rubio A., Sa?nchez E., Vicente J., Garc??a M.G., Borja R. Evaluation of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants with Different Technologies at Las Rozas, Madrid (Spain). Journal of Environmental Management. 2006, no. 81, pp. 399—404.
  9. Tsagarakis K.P., Mara D.D., Angelakis A.N. Wastewater Management in Greece: Experience and Lessons for Developing Countries. Water Science and Technology. 2001, no. 6, vol. 44, pp. 166—172.
  10. Tsagarakis K.P., Mara D.D., Nolan N.J., Angelakis A.N. Small Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants in Greece. Water Science and Technology, 2000, no. 1, vol. 41, pp. 41—48.
  11. Directive 91/271/EEC of 21.05.1991. Urban waste water treatment.
  12. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A. Razrabotka inzhenernykh resheniy po modernizatsii ochistnykh sooruzheniy kanalizatsii na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Development of Engineering Solutions Aimed at Modernization of Wastewater Treatment Facilities]. Vodoochistka [Water Treatment]. 2011, no. 12, pp. 10—19.

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DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY OF MODERNIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Vestnik MGSU 11/2012
  • Gogina Elena Sergeevna - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Professor, Department of Waste Water Treatment and Water Ecology, +7 (495) 730-62-53, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .
  • Kulakov Artem Alekseevich - Vologda State University (VoGU) Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Water supply and Waste Water Treatment, Vologda State University (VoGU), 15 Lenina str., Vologda, 160000, Russian Federation; This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it .

Pages 204 - 209

This paper addresses the biological treatment of wastewater associated with removal of nitrogen.
Results of laboratory experiments that involve nitrification and denitrification are also presented
and analyzed in the paper.
Discharges of inadequately treated and untreated wastewater have a negative impact on
the aquatic ecosystem. The biological treatment of the wastewater that includes denitrification is
strongly influenced by external factors. They need thorough research at the stage of design of water
treatment facilities.
The objective of this research is development of effective construction technologies on the
basis of experimental studies with a view to the modernization of biological wastewater treatment facilities.
The analysis of the latest scientific papers on water treatment demonstrates that the singlesludge
nitrification and denitrification technology is the most effective and the simplest one in terms
of its implementation.
The studies were conducted at the research laboratory of Moscow State University of Civil
Engineering. The laboratory facilities make it possible to perform the processes of nitrification, denitrifiation and sedimentation. The composition of the wastewater used in the experiment was close
to that of the natural wastewater.
Optimal process parameters of a wastewater treatment plant, including capacities of nitrification
and denitrification tanks and concentrations of nitrate required for effective biological removal
of phosphorus, were identified in the laboratory. Positive results were obtained in terms of removal
of organic compounds and nutrients. The technology of nitrogen removal from the wastewater was
developed. The proposed technology of modernization of biological wastewater treatment facilities
is based on conversion of existing aeration capacities into nitrification and denitrification zones, and
it does not include construction of any new premises.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2012.11.204 - 209

References
  1. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A., Umarov M.F. Issledovanie bar’ernykh vozmozhnostey traditsionnoy biologicheskoy ochistki stochnykh vod na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Research of Barrier Strengths of Conventional Technologies of Biological Treatment Based on Technology Simulation]. Ekologiya i promyshlennost’ Rossii [Ecology and Industry of Russia]. 2010, no. 11, pp. 33—36.
  2. Gogina E.S. Udalenie biogennykh elementov iz stochnykh vod [Removal of Biogenic Elements from Wastewater]. Moscow, ASV Publ., 2010, 120 p.
  3. Salomeev V.P., Gogina E.S. Primenenie odnoilovoy sistemy denitrifikatsii dlya rekonstruktsii biologicheskikh ochistnykh sooruzheniy [Application of a Single Silt Denitrification Technology in Restructuring of Biological Water Treatment Facilities]. Vestnik MGSU [Proceedings of Moscow State University of Civil Engineering]. 2009, no. 3, pp. 129—135.
  4. Doklad o sostoyanii i okhrane okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti v 2009 godu [Report on Condition and Protection of the Environment in the Vologda Region in 2009]. Pravitel’stvo Vologodskoy oblasti, departament prirodnykh resursov i okhrany okruzhayushchey sredy Vologodskoy oblasti [Vologda Region Government, Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection]. Vologda, 2010, 236 p.
  5. Kulakov A.A., Lebedeva E.A. Razrabotka inzhenernykh resheniy po modernizatsii ochistnykh sooruzheniy kanalizatsii na osnove tekhnologicheskogo modelirovaniya [Development of Engineering Solutions concerning Modernization of Wastewater Treatment Facilities Based on Technology Simulation]. Vodoochistka [Water Treatment]. 2011, no. 12, pp. 10—19.
  6. Gogina E.S. Issledovanie tekhnologicheskoy skhemy biologicheskoy ochistki stochnykh vod dlya rekonstruktsii ochistnykh sooruzheniy [Research of the Process Scheme of Biological Treatment of Wastewater within the Framework of Restructuring of WWTPs]. Vodosnabzhenie i sanitarnaya tekhnika [Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering]. 2011, no. 11, pp. 25—33.
  7. Gogina E.S. Optimizatsiya protsessa udaleniya soedineniy azota iz bytovykh stochnykh vod [Optimization of the Process of Removal of Nitrogen Compounds from Domestic Wastewater]. Moscow, MGSU Publ., 2000, 21 p.

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