"Вестник МГСУ"

Any selection of sites to accommodate mining enterprises (ME) shall inflict a minimal damage to the environment and humans. Consideration of environmental effects caused by various factors of anthropogenic impacts and development of environmental protection plans involve the assessment of their significance.The authors explain the methodology of substantiation of optimal siting of mining enterprises exemplified by Klen gold and silver deposit in Bilibin region of Chukot Autonomous District. Ranking of impacts produced by various factors serves as the basis for the procedure of the site selection. SWOT analysis of these factors must be completed. The factors of pollution and violation of the geological environment, pollution of surface waters and the water intake, atmospheric pollution, impacts produced on flora and fauna, and physical effects are discussed.A ranking pattern must be customized for each mining enterprise due to the wide variety of features that mining enterprises demonstrate (production patterns and technologies, master plans, natural and anthropogenic conditions).

In large cities, fuel consumption is growing rapidly, and therefore the number of filling stations. And they are a source of anthropogenic impact on the environment and represent current scientific and practical task, because recently no research was conducted into the optimization of monitoring systems in the construction of gas station storage tanks, and no activity on replacing the obsolete design with new storage tanks. In this regard, much attention should be paid to the creation of geo-environmental systems integrated assessment of the environment, as well as modeling and forecasting various negative situations. In the modern world, the creation of such systems is possible with the help of modern computer tools such as geographic information systems.

The authors consider the strength development of sandy soils in the contest of the physical chemical theory of effective stresses. The authors drive particular attention to the assessment of formation of various types of energy contacts in sandy soils. The article is based on the overview of theories developed by several researchers, on the one hand, and on the findings of the experimental research of sandy soils that have different structural patterns, on the other hand. The experiments include both those that were held a while ago and the most recent projects. The authors have proven that the strength of sandy soils is, to a significant extent, driven by their morphological peculiarities that determine their condition in the context of the assessment of their “densitymoisture”. Strength values of sands are dependent on their moisture content both in terms of their maximal shear stress values obtained in the course of shear testing, or their per-unit penetration resistance, penetration values, as well as the inner friction angle and cohesion. The “strength-moisture” is presented as a curvilinear graph that has two upper limits, one for shear tests and the other one for penetration tests. Maximal strength, according to the shear test, is attained for dry sands, if their moisture content is close to the “optimal” value. As for the penetration tests, maximal per-unit resistance to penetration and penetration values are also close to the “optimal” moisture content value. The authors have identified that moisture content is an important factor of strength of sandy soils that demonstrate various structural characteristics.However, the process of formation of structural peculiarities of sands, namely, their morphological parameters and the nature of the surface of sand particles is influenced by the presence of various films on the surface of sand particles. The article represents a preliminary analysis of the theoretical and experimental findings, therefore, any discussions are welcome.

This article considers the main aspects of the process of self-purification in the marine environment. It describes mechanics of biogenic elements of the marine environment in the process of production and destruction of autochthonous and allochthonous organic matter. This article discusses organics and flows of energy, which migrate to the trophic chain of the marine environment in the process of self-purification. And it shows the individual elements of the process of self-purification in the marine environment and the factors influencing it. In the article it is noted that self-cleaning of water environment happens due to the cycling of matter in the pond. It is emphasized that tension, focus and self-purification completeness are regulated by biotic turnover and energy turnover, which is determined by the type of limnological type of reservoir, geographical features (climate conditions), geophysical and anthropogenic impacts. The article notes that the more diverse system of organisms is, the fuller the compounds’ decay is. This property of organisms to complement each other is called buffering of the system. Complex system of organisms cope better with organic and bacterial contamination, but is less responsive to insertion nutrients; biotic cycle in complex systems is more intense. Bacterial community plays the major role in the process of self-purification of biological marine environments. They are the major element of the coastal zone ecosystems. This article shows that during the growth of bacterial populations most of the energy supplied to the aquatic ecosystems with auto- and allochthonous organic matter is processed. The bacteria prepare the conditions for the development of other organisms of water biocenosis. Concentration of the organic substrate regulates the growth rate of bacteria. Bacterial self-cleaning depends on the total number of microorganisms or their separate groups, locally contained in the marine environment.

In the article the authors consider the problem of the impact of man-caused load on river hydraulics processes and on the properties of river sediments that determine river channels evolution and general ecological state of water bodies. The interrelation between ecological state of water bodies, the quality of water in them and the level of contamination of sediments was determined. It is established that the conditions of long-term aquatic life as a whole and of water quality in particular directly depend on the contamination level of sediments. It is shown that the rate and volume of sediments accumulation, as well as contamination level of sediment layers, vary throughout the lifecycle of water body, which allows using sediments as the main indicator of the ecological state of water body reflecting the level of technogenic impact on aquatic ecosystems.

Culture in ecology is a research area founded in Russia by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev in 1979. Like any science, it has its target of research (World Culture), its purpose — the preservation of national cultures, its own generalization method related to the method of ecology. Culture in ecology is a scientific discipline. It is not a part of the environment, as it has a separate subject of study. It can be considered a part of the noosphere theory. Culture as a whole is vast human creation, which includes creative, handicraft and other skills related to agriculture, development of the planet's resources, education and training of children, the highest ideals of human being, engineering, arts, protecting the environment and cultural heritage.Culture is a means of managing material noospheric objects. Culture ecology studies the creativity, engineering, and economic interactions in the society and their impact on the human environment, because it is closely connected to ecology. Culture ecology should be developed in order to manage the biosphere or even the noosphere as rationally constructed megasystem consisting of natural and man-made objects. Noosphere as an ideal state of the environment does not exist in reality. It is far from predation and barbarism in terms of using natural resources. Today the principles of culture ecology are based on the development of projects of recreating historic landscapes, historic buildings and structures for the purposes of modern society. In the report the author focuses on two examples of such work: the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and the Frauenkirche in Dresden. They are the examples of constructions corresponding to the requirements for ecological facilities and cultural experience. They should be considered the islands of noosphere in the modern imperfect world and science. The combination of old and new is a tricky thing. It is easy to destroy the balance between old guardian of the spirit, and new functioning elements of the statutes for the modern society needs. It is easy to upset the balance and thus give rise for objections from one side or another. The debates on inclusion old and new parts should be going in the process of rebuilding objects in new social environment.