"Вестник МГСУ"

In the article the authors present advanced constructions of prestressed reinforced concrete flat ceiling, where high-strength ropes in elastic shell are used as stressed reinforcement. The novelty of the solution lays in diagonal arrangement of hard valves and use of high-strength ropes in a flexible shell of "Monostrand" type. This type of prestress, in our opinion, is the most acceptable from technical point of view for selective reinforcement of separate tense rods or cables. The use of pre-stressed reinforcement in the form of individual rods or cables increases the rigidity and crack resistance of concrete beamless slabs. The use of high-strength ropes in the monostrand-type shell makes it possible to prestress in frames of single cell plate or floor in general and to reduce labour input for stressing armature. The paper presents original solution with diagonal position of the valve. The authors suggest the use of prestressed diagonal valves as in all cells of the floor with the cells of the same or only slightly different size and in separate cells of the floor (for roofs with different cells). The diagonal location of stressed reinforcement proposed in the work is an efficient solution for extending the range of dimensions and loads size.

Subject: the article is devoted to investigation of prestress losses and force distribution in the reinforcement of span reinforced concrete structures. As the long-term studies have shown, these quantities are very unstable, which should be taken into account in structures design. However, the existing normative documents take into account the possible deviations of losses and forces in prestressed reinforcement from their design values in a fairly general form. Since each of the types of losses, according to the formulas, depends on one or several random factors, they should be considered from a probabilistic point of view. Research objectives: determine the scattering of different losses and acting forces in the prestressed reinforcement to identify the factors affecting its value. Materials and methods: in this work, we used the normative technique of prestress losses calculation and characteristics of the variability of physical and mechanical properties of concrete and reinforcement, obtained from the previous studies. The distribution laws of investigated parameters were assumed to be normal (the Gaussian law). To calculate the coefficients of variation, the method of statistical testing (the Monte-Carlo method) and the linearization method (the Taylor series expansion) implemented in MATLAB software package were applied. Results: in the process of numerical experiment, the values of prestress losses and forces scatter in the reinforcement were obtained for all prestressing methods stipulated by the current design codes. It was established that both values depend significantly on the method of reinforcement tensioning, its type and class, and also on the diameter of wire. Moreover, many concomitant factors affect the variability of the above-mentioned characteristics such as the plant-manufacturer, stability of technological process, qualification of the service staff, etc. Conclusions: the obtained data is recommended to be used to determine the accurate values of strength, deformability and crack resistance of span reinforced concrete structures as well as in probabilistic calculations related to the assessment of their reliability by various limit states. In particular, the described technique was applied in calculating the reliability of bent prestressed elements from the viewpoint of strength of oblique sections.