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Skiba Alisa Anatol’evna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
postgraduate student, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337;
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Ginzburg Aleksandr Vital’evich -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) (National Research University)
Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, chair, Department of Information Systems, Technologies and Automation in Construction, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU) (National Research University), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation;
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The article focuses on the problems that arise in the process of urban development of areas planning, their solutions (improvement and transformation of settlement system, in which case we should base on the new geopolitical situation in the country, the development and modernization of transport and communication infrastructure, where it is necessary to consider both the internal needs of the state and external ones) in order to think about possible ways of problem solutions in major cities, as well as the main directions of urban development reforms. The main objectives of the urban development policy are the development of social and economic level of small towns, activities for the conservation of historical, cultural and natural heritage of Russia, the use of modern theories of urban planning, the development of research in this area (both abstract and applied), conducting statistical base of urban development activities). The authors describe the schemes of entry into long-term ownership of land under the current system of urban regulation and the system based on zoning, which acts in real estate market conditions. Among other things, the article offers an idea of the method of socio-controlled planning, which supposes the development plans of the city's buildings and areas, different urban systems (based on the analysis of the existing problems and the needs that must be met).
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2014.4.172-180
References
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Samoylova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU)
councellor, Central Office of the Government of the Russian Federation, councellor, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, Assistant Lecturer, Department of Building Design and Urban Planning, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26, Yaroslavskoye shosse, Moscow, Russia, 129337, Russian Federation;
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In the article the present stages of the urban planning development of the territory in non-classical and post-neoclassical science are discussed. The author carries out the judgment on the evolution of one of the directions of urban planning activity — the spatial planning. Three aspects of urban planning science (knowledge system, professional activity, social institute) are considered. The Author makes an attempt to define the role and position of town-planning science in a complex of interdependent and interacting branches of science.Sociocultural conditions of spatial planning development in the USSR are stated. Distinctive characteristics of the Russian urban planning process (economic, sociological and legal) are specified. The author offers the terminological comparison of definitions used in science in the sphere of urban planning development of the territories. The ambiguity of interpretation of the Russian term «town planning» and English term «spatial planning» and «regional planning» is specified.It is offered to consider spatial planning as complex scientific knowledge which operates the tools of synergetics. The theoretical formation model of the spatial environment of a settlement is taken for a basis. This model was developed by the Doctor of Architecture, professor Yu.V. Alekseev as a system of 4 organized objects: I —space of a closed construction (buildings and structures), II — space of an open construction, the organized urban planning space (spatial planning), III – the earth; IV — space of above ground territories; together with the differentiated functional processes, functions and factors.The purpose of the scientific research conducted by the author is to receive new knowledge in order to improve the theoretical model as a universal development project of settlements in the given territory, applicable in any concrete situation, allowing to solve all the problems by available means in the best way.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2013.11.210-217
References
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Dement’eva Marina Evgen’evna -
Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU)
Candidate of Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of Technical Operation of Buildings, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; +7 (499) 183-38-92;
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.
The exploitation of buildings is a complex cyclic process with the aim of prevention of wear and elimination of sudden refusals. Often it is needed to choose a technology of repair, construction materials or strategy of repair for expeditious elimination of suddenly arisen malfunctions. The quality of the solution depends on personal preferences, qualification of an expert and his or her skills. Therefore now operative decision making process in the exploitation of buildings is intuitive. Hence in the process of making decisions it is necessary to use modern software interactive systems of optimal decision making support. In the article the results of expert assessment of the importance of criteria of plans exploitation comparison were presented when the solving different tasks. The experts were asked to choose a technology of thermal insulation of facades, a technology of basement insulation, to choose a material for sealing of panel seams and a material for waterproofing of the roof. In order to compare alternative exploitation of plans three quantitative criteria were chosen: durability, cost of the works and the labor input. The influence of experts’ opinions on the final result was analyzed. The experts’ opinions were not coordinated and were subjective. There was established that the hierarchy analysis method takes into account the significant divergence of opinions of experts. The final result is close to average value. It allows choosing acceptable solution for the majority, which will be optimal by all the criteria. Such a methodology can be implemented in a production activity and to reduce the influence of subjective opinion the experts on the obtained result.
DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.4.158-165
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