Though the technologies are dynamically developing and there are a lot of research projects, there is still no general opinion on a glass-facade building among the European scientific community, architects and construction engineers. The increasing requirements to heat-protective qualities of translucent structures make us think of the necessity of a quantum leap both in technologies and in principal approaches to the development of architectural and constructive solutions of translucent shells. Together with economical features, the dynamics of heat-protective indicators’ increase show the tendencies to reaching the possibilities limits of mass glass units. The European construction practice usually solve this problem by developing sealed insulating glass units and by different conceptual solutions of the systems of translucent double facades. In the given article the basic theoretical principles and innovative engineering ideas are formulated dealing with the modern glass-facade building construction. “Green Building” conception is analyzed as a European new building philosophy.

Low-rise residential buildings of different types occupy 48 % of residential areas of Irkutsk, which is practically a half of the housing stock of the city. That’s why the researcj of its planning structure and understanding of the features of each type formation in the city structure is quite current. In the process of investigation three main types of low-rise residential buildings were detected: private residential houses with land parcel; apartment houses; town houses. The authors investigated architectural and planning features of forming the areas of low-rise buildings of three types in the structure of a major city Irkutsk. The investigation is carried out with the aim to study the characteristic conditions of planning activity of the existing quarters of low-rise residential buildings, search for qualitative characteristics of the investigated types in the conditions of a big city.

The eigenvalue problem for the two-dimensional operator Laplace is classical in mathematics and physics. However, computing methods for calculation of eigenvalues have still many problems, especially in applications to acoustic and electromagnetic wave guides. The investigated below two-dimensional spectral for the Laplace operator have been previously considered by the author only in smooth areas. The solutions of these tasks (eigen functions) are infinitely differentiated or. even analytical and therefore in order to create effective algorithms it is necessary to consider this enormous a priori information. Traditional methods of finite differences and finite elements almost do not practically use the information on smoothness of the decision, i.e. these are methods with saturation. The term “saturation” was entered by K.I. Babenko. Using the method of computing experiment the author investigates the task about fluctuations of the membrane with the piecewise smooth contour for two-dimensional area, obtained by conformal representation of the square. It is shown that eigen functions are infinitely differentiated. Therefore, numerical algorithms without saturation are applicable. In article the calculation algorithm of eigenvalues in this two-dimensional area is developed, which allows determining up to 10 natural frequencies with the accuracy acceptable for practice on the grid 10×10.

Among the classical works devoted to Solid Mechanics a significant place is occupied by the studies taking into account the physical and geometric nonlinearity. Also there is enough of works, which concern linear problems taking into account the inhomogeneity of the material. At the same time there are very few publications, which take into account both effects (non-linearity and inhomogeneity). This is due to the lack of experimental data on the influence of various factors on the parameters defining the non-linear behavior of the materials. Thus it is of great importance to study the influence of inhomogeneity when solving the problems of structures made of physically nonlinear materials. This article provides a solution to one of the problems of the nonlinear theory of elasticity taking into account the inhomogeneity. The problem is solved in an axisymmetric formulation, i.e. all the parameters of the nonlinear relationship between the intensities of stresses and strains are functions of the radius. The article considers an example - the stress distribution in the inhomogeneous soil massif with a cylindrical cavity.

In the Soviet Union a lot of residential buildings with wooden window systems were built. In the last 15 years the requirements to heat protection of buildings have strengthened and the technologies of window systems production have developed. New window constructions appeared, in which window frames of PVC profiles are used. So now double-casement windows with glass are replaced by single-casement with glass units. The replacement of windows is associated with a number of specific problems. The authors analyzed the quantitative parameters of the heat losses in the claddings of brick buildings. It was revealed that significant heat leakage occurs in the joint areas of window frame with the wall, at the junction of slopes. The authors offer a quantitative calculation of heat losses in these units in case of two-dimensional heat flux based on thermal conductivity matrix taking into account the convective heat transfer. On the basis of this calculation a computer program was developed that allows pinpointing the most problematic areas for choosing rational actions for elimination of cold bridges.

In the recent years there appeared a tendency of widening the use of composite reinforced concrete structures in Russian construction practice, which keeps current the further investigations of their stress-strain state. In order to estimate the stress-strain state of composite reinforced concrete structures different methods are used: both analytical and experimental. In spite of material and labour costs field tests give the most correct indexes of the behavior of structures in actual operating conditions. The experimental investigations of composite reinforced concrete floors of civil buildings having considerable slenderness allow exploring new qualitative data of their stress-strain state. The authors offer the analysis of experimental investigations of composite reinforced concrete structures, in particular, composite reinforced concrete floor. They described geometrical and physical parameters of a test piece, the methods of measurements and tests, the experiment’s results are analyzed. The charts of flexure, stress blocks and distribution of moments are offered. The authors also give the results of numerical experiments and comparisons of stress-strain state of composite reinforced concrete floor with the results of field tests and their analysis.

The article raises the problem of increasing the reliability of an industrial building bearing the entire set of frame disturbances. One of the ways to solve it is to mount extra structural elements, previously unrecorded in the design of the object. During the study we examined some of them: installation of mechanical transverse stiffening diaphragms; increasing the rigidity of the column part above the crane; arranging connecting rods located in levels of covering in the temperature seam and crane beams. Choosing the most effective option is determined by constructive and technological features of the research object. In our case, it acts as a one-storey industrial building of hull workshop of Astrakhan maritime shipyard, equipped with overhead cranes. Using this example the calculations, which were carried out, allow estimating the effect from acceptance of constructive solutions for installation of reinforced concrete diaphragms of stiffness at the edges of framework and increase the rigidity of the column part above the crane. During the study four options are considered for calculation scheme using wall panels. These should include representation of the device: as a solid wall; in two columns wide; for large aperture sizes; at the low altitude of the end of the opening. We have presented a comparative analysis of the results before and after the introduction of the corresponding elements in the calculating model of the research object. In the accepted system of constructive measures disc coating with high horizontal rigidity distributes the load on the front diaphragm. Increasing the stiffness of above the tower crane column part gives an additional effect, as an overhead crane is located closer to the cover and in case of the column of more developed section in the above the crane area, it passes the covering greater effort. In its turn, it prevents the transverse displacement and rotation, involving the entire framework into operation. The introduction of these measures contributes to: equal declining of displacements of stresses loads from the action of the nodal points of the frame, both in the level of brake beams and in the surface level; increasing the period of achieving the object’s maximal allowable condition and an extended period of its faultless operation.

In this paper a three-dimensional finite element analysis employed to predict thermal residual stresses field which arises during the cooling stage at the free edges of a thick walled filament wound cylinder with cross-ply lamination. The inner radius of composite is 50 mm and outer radius is 75 mm and the thickness of steel mandrel is 3 mm. The results showed that the radial stresses near the free ends of the cylinder increased two times compared to radial stresses in the middle of the cylinder and interlaminar shear stresses exceeded 6 MPa close to the free edges.Thus, a two-dimensional stress analysis does not fully reflect the complex state of stress of thick-walled cross-ply filament wound cylinders.

Construction equipment is one of the most significant factors contributing to the decrease in the cost of the work, increase of the profitability of the industry as a whole. In the process of reforming of the Russian economy in general and the construction complex in particular, technical equipment of building production has fallen sharply both in quantitative and qualitative sense. Vehicles with expired service life have a sharp drop in performance. Burden on many kinds of construction machinery have increased. There is a growing need for repair and renovation of the construction equipment fleet. There is a relatively high proportion of the massive equipment where the need for it is low. This is accompanied by higher costs for small-scale works. Serious problems were also detected in the sphere of construction equipment repair. This market is divided into two categories: very expensive services with spare parts, and relatively inexpensive, but not enough qualified services with a corresponding guarantee of reliability. In the context of the difficult financial situation of building units it is becoming a significant problem. Major concerns arise on how to optimize the technical and economic indicators of operation of the machines due to the increase in the cost of purchased equipment and operating costs for its maintenance. The analysis of the use of construction machinery shows that a solution to the problems existing in this specific part of the construction activities is required. The time has come when it is necessary to develop and implement the strategy development and effective use of technical equipment in the construction. The paper outlines the key issues and suggests the approaches to improve the technical equipment in the construction.

Beginning with the 1970s many specialists have been dedicating their works to investigation of the possibility to use concrete modifications of non-organic materials containing amorphous silica. Almost any industrial product is beginning with raw materials obtained from the planetary interior or formed on its surface. That’s why the problem of selective choice and utilization of industrial waste is of a global character, so it is of great importance. Currently, the attention of scientists and engineers is attracted by the widespread use of high-strength concrete, different from the usual one by high content of cement stone, lesser grain size, multi-component, increased specific surface area of the filler. The performance properties of concrete to a large extent depend on the properties of aggregate and water content. It is known that empirical way to search for improving the strength of concrete has always been a laborious and time-consuming. In this regard, the actual conditions for forming a preliminary study of high-strength concrete structure have been investigated, as well as the role of processing methods in the process and nature of the impact on the quality of a concrete structure.

In the modern world nanotechnologies are an integral part of successful and progressive development of all the areas of activity. Materials science is not an exception. The authors studied the method of nanomodification and its influence on the performance properties of polymer-modified binder (PMB) and asphalt concrete, produced on their basis. It is established that nanomodified PMB are less susceptible to aging, which is a consequence of the processes of peptization of asphalt-resin complexes (ARC) in the structure of the modified binder and the crosslinking with the polymer matrix. It is revealed that nanotubes (SWCN or MWCN) used as a modifier, act as crosslinking agent and the inhibitor of the aging process in a PMB. The influence of nanomodified PMB on strength and deformation properties of asphalt concrete is investigated. It was found out that the use of modified binder in the asphalt concrete mixtures enhances the water resistance of asphalt concrete, heat resistance and shear-resistance.

At the present time the system of “Smart house” allows passing messages on any type of emergencies only out loud (phone call), though some individuals with disabilities will not be able to report an accident. Moreover, the pall showed, that 55 % of respondents would prefer sending text message on fire or other emergency to operations control duty desk. The respondents of this group feel it’s easier to make a photo or video of the accident. Though it is still impossible to analyze the data received in this form and make decisions automatically. In the conditions of yearly increase of the number of mobile phones getting text messages on emergencies is as important as processing of voice calls. Receiving and processing text messages would be current in case of terrorist attack. Any victim can noiseless send just one word and inform on the emergency. The article analyzes the process of receiving and processing messages when calling the emergency number 112. We propose a module of sending Messages-112 by persons with disabilities in the system of “smart house” in the form of short text messages (SMS).

The questions of the relationship between economy and ecology of industrial production were described in the studies of the ecologization of cement production. The prospects of understanding of the production as a global integrated ecological-economic system were shown, the analysis of which should be applied by means of general principles of synergetics and by means of the ideas of the concept of sustainable development. Russia ranks fifth in terms of cement production in the world today. The cement industry is of great importance for the economic development of our country, because it produces the main type of construction materials for housing and industrial complex, and for the construction of infrastructure objects. Cement production is characterized by high resource and energy consumption. A significant increase in the production and consumption of cement causes the aggravation of the environmental situation and disruption to social and natural systems. For the optimization of the functioning of ecological-economic systems, it is necessary to analyze the socio-natural system from the standpoint of the ideas of synergetics. The main distinctive property of ecological-economic systems, which suggest its consideration using synergy, is its openness. The resources and other materials are coming from outside, after that it’s exposed, transformed and comes outside from the production cycle in the form of the final product and then comes to the users. During all stages of processing and during the use of final products the wastes are thrown away from the system. It causes pollution and harm to the ecological system. We can reduce this harm by means of the ideas of synergetics. One of the aspects of the following of the synergetic principles is the comparison of production and natural potentials. In order to achieve the balance it is necessary to carry out the following directions of ecologization of industrial production: recycling - reusing of raw materials and wastes; upgrading of the production, upgrading of the equipment, as well as the development and implementation of various innovative, resource-saving and low-waste technologies; creation and production of products with a longer work life; the improvement of treatment facilities of the cement plants and the use of different filtration and capture systems. It is necessary to note the fact that in practice each of these separated fields is able to solve only one local problem. To reduce environmental capacity of the cement production, we must unite different ways of the dialectic, following the principles of synergetics and methodological pluralism. Thus, there is a synergistic effect, contributing to the optimization of the functioning of ecological-economic systems and the solution of the problem of ecological production. Synergies should be defined as the interaction of two or more factors in which their combined effect significantly exceeds the effect of each individual component of their amount. Only on the basis of a synergistic, comprehensive, integrated approach to the ecologization of industrial production we can greatly reduce the pollution of nature, optimize the functioning of ecological-economic systems and implement the concept of sustainable development.

The authors considered the issues of spiral turbine cases calculation with the help of the equations of fluid flow line of a potential flow induced by vortex discharge-circle situated on an infinite impenetrable cylinder in infinite space filled with ideal (nonviscous) fluid and the characteristics of the flow in spiral cases. It was established that: 1) the stated equations allow calculating the spiral cases, which differ in constructive parameters and the direction of the flow at the entry to the stator of the turbine; 2) slope angle of spiral cones and the direction of the flow at the entry into the stator significantly influence the dimensions of the spiral case; 3) the shape of the cross-sections of the spiral differs from the T-shaped and circle ones usually applied today; 4) the height of the cross-sections is greater than their width. This difference grows in the direction from the entry section to the tooth of the spiral case; 5) the dimensions of the calculated spiral cases are smaller than the dimensions of the cases with round cross sections and bigger than the ones with T shape. It was stated that the theoretical characteristics of the floe formed by spiral case calculated according to the equations of the potential flow induced by vortex discharge-circle situated on an infinite impenetrable cylinder are in good agreement with the experimental characteristics and are favourable for flow-around of stay vanes and guide vanes of turbines.

One of the main factors determining the safety of earth sea and river hydraulic structures erected on water-saturated grounds is the process of consolidation, manifested under the action of static and seismic loads. A feature of cohesionless soils located in the structure itself or in its base, is their potential ability to liquefaction under seismic impacts. This paper describes the method of calculating the saturated soil’s environments under seismic actions based on the numerical solution of differential equations of the theory of consolidation by finite element method. The results of the static problem solving for the phased construction of the installation are used as the initial conditions. In order to describe the deformability of soil materials mathematical model formed by the theory of plastic flow with hardening is used. The parameters of this model are determined by the results of triaxial testing of soils. As an example, we study the interaction of a sea rockfill dam with a sandy base under seismic impacts, determined by the synthetic accelerograms. The results of calculations of the stress-strain state of the two sections of the dam (shallow and deep) are presented, and assessment is made of the possibility of liquefaction of sandy soil base. It is shown that the pore pressure that occurs in water-saturated cohesionless soil base and the body of the dam under seismic impacts, unloads the soil skeleton, which leads to a decrease in local shear safety factors. And, in the less dense soil base of the shallow section of the dam, the soil skeleton is unloaded to a greater extent, which negatively affects its overall safety factor.

Safety and reliability factors, assumed in Russian and international standards, as well as the main provisions of design of offshore oil and gas structures are considered in the article. The reasons for structures destruction are classified. The analysis showed that the main design provisions and methodology of calculations related to provision of safe and reliable operation of offshore oil and gas structures by different standards are not fundamentally different: the required degree of reliability of the structure is set depending on the social and economic consequences of possible hydrodynamic accidents; calculations are based on the limit states design method using partial safety factors; etc. However, the factors accounting the degree of the structure reliability, partial safety coefficients and load combinations coefficients differ in different standards and methodologies.

Current trends in the science and practice of construction indicate the ability to control the economic means of phenomena and processes occurring in the area of investment and construction activities, towards the realization of sustainable development goals. In this regard, the subsystem of planning, funding and pricing implement the problems of resource maintenance of the building complex on the hierarchy levels, the maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium of the system, as well as measure the effectiveness and profitability of production and ensuring processes. The purpose of the article is the search for capability to determine the impact, which are the change in prices for certain types of material and technical resources or reduction of unit costs. Our results are aimed at creating a model for cost control (costs, profit) of an investment and construction project and the development of theoretical foundations of value engineering. Another result of the article is an equation with which you can simulate the effects of intensity changes of individual streams, such as pay increase under certain conditions of construction, changes in the income of an enterprises and other. The features of the article include the recording of the construction hierarchy levels at each time point which depends on the concentration of a certain amount of labor, equipment and the volume of material resources, an optimal distribution between objects and areas of activity, reducing material costs and improving productivity constant. In this case, not only an objective necessity is considered, but also crucial prerequisite for sustainable development. The use of these factors leads to a decrease in the cost of construction of the object as a result of productivity growth and is reflected in the implementation of the final price of construction products.

Usually a message on fire or other emergency is sent to operations control by a witness. The situation causes stress. That’s why it may be difficult to understand the meaning of the witness’s text message because of pressing adjacent letters or T9 mistakes. So an operator may take such a message for spam and may not react adequately. Though if the system of “Smart House” is equipped with the module of processing Messages-112, the problem will be solved. The article analyzes the way of processing the messages to Messages-112 from persons with disabilities in the system of “Smart House”. The authors offer a variant of recovering unambiguity of notion sense from messages with errors of T9 and possible accidental pressing of adjacent letters. The system looks for key words, reduces noise, chooses the target rescue services and redirects the message to them.

At the modern stage of construction branch development there is a current task of forming the indicator, the application of which will allow forecasting the final indicator of a construction project depending on organizational-technological and management solutions influencing it - the organizational and technological capacity of a construction project. The construction project capacity, which has been actively investigated in the recent years, is formed on the basis of account for the processes directly or tangentially related to production and technological specifics of the construction industry on all the stages of project development: design solutions, preparation of a construction site, general construction and finishing works, special works (building water supply and water disposal systems, technological equipment, electric wiring and low currents, ventilation, conditioning and fire security, elevators), external supply lines, amenities. The introduction of organizational-technological capacity concept of a building project in the form of a numerical integral value is given in the article, allowing to make relevant management decisions at any step of the construction project. The article deals with the essence of information flows as an important component in the construction project evaluation. The authors discuss the separation of information flows into groups, depending on different criteria. As a result, the mathematical model is offered, which gives the construction project potential evaluation with taking into account the impact of information flows.

The article shows the importance of the use of didactic principle of visualization in the study of graphic disciplines for more effective organization of educational process, improvement of forms, methods and means of education. The authors analyze different approaches to the classification of means of visualization in modern pedagogy. The proposed classification of clarity with regard to graphic disciplines can be used not so much for their classification, as for the full and effective use of their capabilities in the learning process. The article demonstrates structural links between the stages of clarity, use of funds, ways and rules of their use, leading to successful achievement of the goals for the revitalization of the educational process and enhancing cognitive interest of students. Practical recommendations for the integrated use of means of presentation in the classes on descriptive geometry, engineering graphics and computer graphics are given. Special attention in the learning process is paid to the role of the teacher. In addition to his or her professional knowledge, a teacher should possess oratory skills, to competently combine the rhetoric and psychological techniques to use interactive and effective active forms of training, including workshops, to engage students in the learning process, to monitor feedback from the students’ audience. When conducting different kinds of practice, teachers should know the advantages and disadvantages, strengths and weaknesses, timely application of every means of presentation for greater impact and effect in the educational process. The effectiveness of using the selected visualization tools is largely determined by the methods and techniques of their use in the classroom. It is important to consider the following factors: location, convenient for review, and approach; the accessibility; the expert support of a demonstration by the review; the duration of the demonstration; training students to perceive the means of presentation, and pedagogical skills of the teacher. The article considers theoretical and methodical aspects of the use of the didactic possibilities of visual means of education, which are of great importance in the improvement of teaching graphic disciplines, mastering the methods of their rational use.