The article deals with the main principles, concepts, terms that characterize the scientific approach to the formation of a safe and comfortable living environment on the basis of the development and wide application of the sustainable development principles in urban development practice. Definitions of the basic concepts related to the tasks of developing green technologies of the living environment are proposed. The purpose of the study is to select methodological tools for creating a national system of green standardization and certification of urban development objects. This requires technical regulation and standardization; analysis and management of object life cycles; integrated safety, building materials science; energy efficiency and energy saving; development and application of green standards; BIM-technology; rating systems of green certification; construction systems. It is established that the main characteristics that define the “green technologies” concept are energy efficiency, safety, non-wasting, comfort. The factors preventing the achievement of the stated purposes are shown. Positive shifts in this direction and examples of practical implementation of voluntary certification systems for urban development projects have been noted.

Currently, an estimation of the negative impact on the environment does not include a dust emission effect caused by the road transport movement on various road pavements. The greatest danger to the population health is the fine dust particles of PM2.5 and PM10. The problem of calculating, controlling and normalization of fine dust emissions at the road transport movement is important for improving the quality of life and health of citizens, the air quality in work facility areas and the introduction of promising technologies to reduce the negative impact of dust sources on the air environment of cities. In this work, during the preliminary estimation of the car dusting impact on the environment, instrumental measurements were made, and the maximum and average daily concentrations PM2.5 and PM10 of suspended solids in atmospheric air were obtained.

The noise regime in apartments is largely determined by intra-apartment sound sources. Appropriate noise level calculation methods are needed for its estimation. These methods include the statistical calculation method based on the diffuse sound field concept. However, at present, there are no studies of its applicability for the calculation of noise level in apartment as in systems of acoustically related rooms. The aim of the study was to establish the possibility of using the statistical calculation method to estimate the noise regime in an apartment as in a single acoustic space and to study the influence of acoustic connections between apartment rooms on noise formation. Studies of statistical calculation method capabilities were made by comparing the results of calculations with the experimental data obtained for various planning apartment solutions including various acoustic connections between rooms. Calculations were carried out using the developed computer program. It is established that the calculation accuracy of the statistical method corresponds to the requirements for methods of calculating air noise level in civil buildings. The method adequately reacts to variations in the acoustic connection between the apartment rooms as elements of a single system of acoustically related volumes. The statistical method of calculating air noise levels, as it is proposed in the article, can be effectively used in calculating the noise levels that occur in apartments from in-apartment sources. The method adequately estimates noise regime variations at changes both the noise source position in the volume of the apartment and acoustic connections between its rooms. It can be effectively used in developing measures for the acoustic apartment improvement.

Article is devoted to the consideration of European methods of estimating the risk of an emergency situation due to the equipment failure at isothermal gas storage facilities and comparing these methods with Russian ones. In European methods, two levels of risk analysis are distinguished. At the first level, all parameters are assumed constant. In general, specialists analyze this level in their work, because it is more concise and corresponds to the facility reliability. The second level of analysis is more complex and resorted to unusual emergency situations. According to Russian standards, risk analysis is carried out for each hazardous facility individually.

To date, ecological standards in construction (Green Standard, CAP-SPZS, "GREEN ZOOM", "Eco Pro", "Eco Village", VTS "Rousseau. Football stadium", "ACTIVE HOUSE" ADDsert) have been adopted in Russia, but certification according to National Green Standards is slow performed. Domestic developers and customers are in no haste to invest additional investment in green facilities. Today, incentive and state support are needed for the development of environmental construction in Russia. National ecological Standard in construction should become a clear guide for specialists, especially architects, in creating an environmentally sustainable architectural and urban environment that is favorable for population. The international ecological certification systems of green buildings (BREEAM, LEED, DGNB) are focused on the standards of the countries that develop these standards and do not take into account the natural, climatic and cultural realities of our state. The article analyzes and compares the three main current International Environmental Standards and Russian legislation in the field of environmental construction. The program of eco-activities in various spheres of the Russian economy is proposed.

Issues of economic evaluation of investment projects to green construction are considered in view of the complex accounting economic, social, environmental factors within Green Standard requirements to construction of ecological facilities. The urgency of constructing autonomous, energy-efficient, resource-saving complexes and facilities that do not have a negative impact on the environment is growing every year. Despite the fact that the current cost of electricity received from a centralized network is lower than the cost of its generation from autonomous sources, the world trend is of a steady increase of the energy price and at the same time reducing the annual cost of autonomous mini-electric power stations on renewable fuel. This makes it necessary to look at a new way of solving the issues of energy and resource saving and energy efficiency in industrial and civil construction. The facility from Moscow Region is chosen as a particular example of estimating the performance indicators of an autonomous individual house construction facility with design solutions, technologies and activities applied for obtaining energy from renewable sources (solar and wind), saving water, recycling and reusing waste, minimizing the negative impact on the environment. Taking into account the current strategic course of Russian socio-economic development to sustainable development, authors of the article emphasize that a comprehensive ecological and economic estimation of investment projects to green construction is designed to encourage and reorient the subjective goals of construction production from achieving private profit by business entities and specific investors investing funds in the shortest economic result to the search of optimal available technologies, solutions, measures ensuring the growth of indicators of social, public, ecological efficiency, development of regional industrial infrastructure of environmentally safe, resource-intensive, energy-efficient industrial, civil and individual house construction.

The strategic course on energy efficiency, resource saving, and environmental safety as a basis for sustainable development of our country brings to the forefront the issues related to ecological house construction or “green” construction. Now, these issues are of particular relevance and research and practical importance. In this article, the main principles (criteria) for ecological house construction have been defined, and an attempt has been made to formulate a normative and methodological justification for each of them, taking into account the generalization and analysis of the knowledge accumulated on this topic. The presented principles of ecological house construction are updated on the example of a specific territory and construction site. They are implemented in the construction business project of an autonomous energy-efficient complex “Eco-house” with innovative treatment facilities and resource-saving operation technologies in one of the most ecologically clean areas of the Moscow Region. The main objective of this project is to reach to a fundamentally new level of environmental and economic development of architectural and construction thought, considering the eco-house as a natural anthropogenic ecosystem with a positive ecological resource that provides autonomous existence, energy efficiency, resource saving and environmental safety as the main principles of sustainable development. The business project satisfies to all the town-planning, technical, sanitary-hygienic, environmental requirements for selecting a land plot for individual housing construction, its layout, construction technologies, construction materials, structures and products, residential buildings and premises, nature conservation facilities, resource-saving activities and recycling eco-house waste products into useful secondary products used hereafter in the eco-house processes of management and operation.

Pre-assembled unit (PAU) method of oil-field facilities construction organization is a promising direction of industrialization and intensification of capital construction since it guarantees high productivity, time-saving and quality of the constructed facilities. However, in recent decades, production and use of PAU devices has been reduced. Purposes of study were сonsideration and analysis of the main types of PAU devices in terms of their production for the construction of oilfield facilities in the Tyumen region. PAU devices, enlarged assembly units and engineering communications sections are manufactured in the factory, then almost ready-made objects or parts thereof are delivered to construction sites. PAU approach to the construction organization of oilfield facilities is described. The main types of PAU devices are presented. This type of devices, such as superblocks, is considered in detail, the history of their production and ways of their transportation are described. A number of superblocks are presented, which, at the moment, can be produced in the Tyumen region. The main advantages of the PAU construction method are listed. A conclusion is made on the need to revive the production of superblocks because of their importance in developing the largest deposits of Western Siberia, discovered in the 1980s, as well as the possibility of transferring the experience of the past generation for the efficient, economical and high-quality development of modern deposits.

Heat pumps are used for heating buildings and structures. Determination of thermal characteristics of a heat pump in modes other than the nominal ones is associated with certain difficulties, since, in the cold climate of Russia, these characteristics, indicated by the manufacturers in accordance with the requirements of the standards, will differ for the worse. In study, the following purposes were set: сomputer simulation of the water-water or water-glycol heat pump and its representation in the form of a simulation system of two heat exchangers and a scroll compressor; conducting numerical calculations of the geothermal heat supply system, estimating its efficiency both under different configurations and operate modes using computer simulation. The software package for computer simulation is written in the language of scala, both Nelder-Mead and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithms are used to obtain model parameters from the compressor and heat pump data, the method of Gold Cross Section is used for one-dimensional minimization. The presented simplified model for heat pump parameter estimation aims to selection of pump size and simulation its operation during year. While the scroll compressor model is made to be comprehensive, the other parts of heat pump model were simplified. The resulting model consists of individual compressor models, evaporator heat exchangers, and refrigerator. The compressor model takes into account the useful overheating of the refrigerant, work on various refrigerants. Models of heat exchangers are simplified. The model parameters are calculated from the data specified by the manufacturers of heat pump and compressor equipment. The model approximates the data of the equipment manufacturer and, therefore, can be used as an element of the geothermal system in energy modeling programs. Using the model, it is also possible to determine the actual characteristics of the heat pump operation in modes other than the nominal one and with the use of different refrigerants. Another application of the obtained results is the identification of unscrupulous manufacturers indicating fictitious data in their catalogs. Obtained model can be extended by including other refrigerants, variable compressor motor rotation frequency, and more precise implementation of the other heat pump parts.

Lime-belite binder is obtained by firing natural marls, marlized or sanded limestones, as well as artificial silica-containing mixtures at temperatures of about 1000 °C with exposure of 90 minutes. Along with calcium oxide, the binder contains significant amounts of dicalcium silicate and some other minerals the composition and quantity of which depend on the chemical composition and firing temperature of the raw materials. However, silicon oxide is not enough to form in the firing products of raw marl the required amount of belite needed to obtain high strength properties. The main research purposes were selection of the initial compositions and study of the chemical and mineralogical binder compositions on the basis of marls of the Akburly and Porlytau deposits in order to increase the content of belite (?-С2S) in the heat treatment products and obtain a high-strength binder. 5, 10 and 20 % of ground quartz sand were injected into the raw material to increase the content of belite (?-С2S) in heat treatment products and obtain the high-strength binder. The quartz sand was ground up until it completely passed through a 008 sieve. The specific surface area was within the range 2500 ... 3200 cm2/g. It was shown that the basicity constant decreases as the sand content increases, and the content of aluminates, ferrites and calcium sulphates is almost unchanged, since the sand contains no clay components. The study results of joint heat treatment of marls and ground quartz sand suggest that the optimum sand content in the raw mix should be 10 %. With such proportions of heat-treated raw material components, their interactions result in the formation of a relatively large amount of belite which will provide the high strength properties of products based on this binder.

In article, the seismic stability of the housing stock of cities of Stavropol Territory are analyzed and estimated. Comparison of existing regulatory documents, requirements for earthquake-proof construction, standards and technologies used in various years has allow to establish that more than half of multi-apartment residential buildings in the Stavropol Territory does not comply with current standards. During constructing these housing stock, there were used various construction technologies and materials that were relevant for specific years of construction, while various design and construction requirements in seismic regions were in effect. Consequently, a systematic approach is needed to determine the current technical condition of residential buildings, social buildings, and industrial facilities, primarily built before 1982. Based on these studies, it will be possible to determine the existing seismic resource of construction sites, as well as a set of economically feasible measures to bring buildings in accordance with the current requirements of seismic stability.

At present, the term “water hardness” is used to describe the total concentration of calcium, magnesium, and strontium in equivalent terms. Strontium is close to calcium by its chemical properties but differs from it dramatically by the biological effect. Long-term use of water with an increased content of strontium (Sr) leads to the development of various diseases among the population. Especially, it is dangerous for children. Strontium refers to the sanitary-toxicological hazard class by the limiting harmfulness indicator. The aim of the studies was to determine the effectiveness of stable strontium sorption on clinoptilolite in conditions of increased groundwater hardness. Based on experimental studies on the laboratory clinoptilolite filter, the output dependences of the residual concentration of hardness and strontium in the filtrate on the relative volumes of the filtrated water were plotted. As a result of the research, positive results of application of clinoptilolite of Kholinsky deposit were obtained.

At all stages of the construction design, from conceptual searches to approving the project documentation development, images are important as monoprojections on which the construction basic forms are effectively and expressively shown. Studying the construction of such monoprojections is began even in the first year of higher education, and then they are used to perform term papers and the thesis design. Purpose of study is the choice of the preferred algorithm for solving the problem of constructing monometric projections of trimetric axonometries in the context of the mapping processe computerization, taking into account the form of the object and the conditions for its presentation. In the article, the methodology of the trimetric axonometry monoprojection formation is considered in conditions of the mapping processe computerization. The methods of the metric object point fixation can be selected under the following conditions: orthogonal coordination in the reference point planes; oblique dependence; mixed, i.e., ortho-oblique-angled coordination; they can also contain intermediate transformations for various simplifications. Problems of constructing trimetric axonometry monoprojections at the mapping processe computerization are considered. Since in such cases the number of parameters of the necessary geometrical transformation increases, it becomes possible to use various algorithms for solving the problem. Based on the undertaken studies, conclusions were drawn on possible transformations for obtaining a trimetric monoprojection model and greatly simplifying the solution of problems in the construction object design.