The article presents the analysis of modern approach to realization of fundamentals of nanotechnology in materials and components science. The critical analysis of scope for nanotechnology was given. The paper gives definition of the term ‘nanotechnology’ considering the achieved outcomes. Relationship for assessment of technical-and-economic efficiency of new technological concepts was proposed including those achieved with the use of nanotechnology approach. Assessment of the impact of main factors effecting heterogeneous nucleation was researched, thus it was shown that indicated factors form three mechanisms of impact of original nanomaterials on structure formation of material. The presented data could be used not only for development of technological concepts, in particular based on application of original nanomaterials and providing improvement of quality of material, but also for analysis of empirical dependence, finding new effects and knowledge, and conformities for advancing traditional and innovative technologies.

The paper deals with the application of fulleroid carbon nanoparticles (FCN) for the cement com-posites modification. In particular, the thermokinetic analysis was performed to assess the change in the rate and completeness of the cement hydration when the nanomodifier was introduced into it. The study of exothermic heterogeneous interactions and thermal effects in the binder - water - nanomodifier system allows one to estimate the hydration rate and depth and to assess the degree of nanomodifier’s influence. The conducted studies revealed the increase in the hydration temperature when carbon nanoparticles are introduced into the cement dough, while the induction period is prolonged, that indicates a more complete course of the reactions. It is confirmed by the results of qualitative X-ray structural analysis. The dynamics of decrease in calcium silicate peaks characterizes the completeness of hydration and binding of portlandite, that explains the increase in the modified cement stone strength. Microstructural analysis allows to detect the structure characteristic of control samples with a large number of large chaotically located crystals, the bulk of which is formed on the first day of solidification. Under the same conditions, the modification of the cement stone contributes to the creation of the more dense spatial structure consisting of small crystalline hydrate formations. All that process positively influences the formation of the rigid matrix with a smaller number of pores, which determines the in-crease in strength and durability of cement stone and concrete on its basis.

The method for adding into the cement matrix composition the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the form of stabilized suspensions for their even allocation in its volume is observed in this article. The aim of the article is to study the aggregative and sedimentary stability of the CNTs suspensions in the presence of the plasticizer based on polycarboxylate under the ultrasonic effect, to determine the kinetic addictions of coagulation, to describe the suspension stabilization models and mechanisms according to the modern theory and to determine the possibility of using CNTs as suspensions for portland cement modification. The object of research is Portland cement, CNts and polycarboxylate-based plasticizer. Mechanism of stabilization of the CNT water suspension with polycarboxylate based plasticizer due to fixing plasticizer functional groups on the nanoparticle surface is proposed. The non-polar part of the plasticizer provides the formation of high-viscosity streak between the CNTs particles and the dispersion medium, and the polar part provides the formation of the double electrical layer (DEL), which supports the formation of the CNT micelle. The Model of the CNT micelle is described. It is established that the ultrasonic dispersion provides the stability of the CNTs suspensions for seven days and more. It is shown that when the stabilized polycarboxylate-based plasticizers of the CNT are introduced in the form of suspensions into the cement paste composition, they are evenly distributed in the volume of the cement system. This causes the production of cement stone with enhanced exploitative properties.

The article reveals the results of one of the stages of the integrated research studying the influence of compounds and disperse characteristics of silica-containing materials on structure formation and qualities of cellular concrete. It has been indicated that the improvement of physical and mechanical properties of cellular concrete can be achieved through creating the best possible pore structure of the concrete and the structure of interporous frame as well as intensification of hydration and crystallization processes under hydrothermal treatment and, as a result, the increase in number and perfecting morphology of hydrated phases. Up-to-date knowledge about the structure and properties of cellular concrete shows potential capacities to enlarge strength characteristics through forming a nanopore structure of a matrix stone, the effective usage of power potential of multicomponent binding including Portland cement, high-calcium lime, activate silica components with grains of submicron and nanometer range.

The requirements to a desired level of thermal protection of outer walls of buildings have been analysed. The relation between such requirements and social factors of a country was shown. Comparison data regarding heat releasing surface area of outer walls and windows and heat losses per person have been received for variable residential density of apartments. The authors have shown international practices and the needs for transition to construction of buildings with a higher level of thermal protection of outer walls. Since cold generation is 3-5 times as expensive as heat generation for many buildings, the transition was made from ventilation of the naturally driven type to controlled and mechanical one providing heat recovery of exhaust air. It was suggested that problem of energy-saving in the sector of construction and housing and communal services could be solved providing a desired life of outer walls and costs of current and major repairs required for projected lifetime of a building.

In the present paper the authors researched interrelation of nine major socially critical components of activity/performance of town population which form so-called activity frames in the structure of urban areas. The methodology of layering mapping, social activity/performance of population, received by use of software applications Dubl GIS Irkutsk 2016 and Google Earth, was applied. The research is based on author’s methodology of forming human activity/performance frames. Frames are presented essentially as formations consisting of nine socially critical components of human vital activity, namely: healthcare, education, culture, sport, child welfare institutions, leisure, commerce, beauty and wellness, residential housing. On the base of implemented research the authors have found interrelation of nine socially critical types of activity which characterized by parametric properties, such as consolidation, complexity, sparseness, ‘diffusiveness’ in space-planning urban environment. The received results allow to give more qualitative assessment in the process of design, construction and renovation of urban areas, districts, neighborhood units and clusters and also to keep track of dynamics of change in human activity in urban structures.

In the process of structural engineering of buildings and structures with the use of direct dynamic methods the accelerogramms of earthquakes with the parameters corresponding to a specific construction site are required. Such accelerogramms could be obtained by various methods. For example, they could be produced by seismologists. However, for a structural engineer it could be required to get them processed (balancing, segregation of separate phase of impact, etc.), that is not always convenient to do. Moreover, an accelerogramm with slightly different spectral composition and lifespan, nevertheless applicable to a given construction site, could be required. Also an accelerogramm could be generated with the use of specially designed software. Although it’s not always convenient as it requires certain amount of time and could cause some difficulties during formation of original data for generation and also for obtaining correct results. In order to overcome the above-mentioned difficulties the authors proposed the representative set of synthesized earthquake accelerogramms which could be applied for various combinations of seismic properties of construction sites. The present article sets outs the principal approaches to formation of the set of earthquake accelerogramms, designated for design of buildings and structures in terms of earthquake effects. Purpose requirements to discrete accelerogramms and to the set as a whole have been disclosed, purpose characteristics of accelerogramms have been set out, clarifications and recommendations for application of the representative set of accelerogramms in practical calculations have been enclosed.

The present article is concerned with determination and research of probable geometric deviations of the large-span shell covering stadium stands with a large notch on the elliptical plan of Donbas Arena in town of Donetsk. The authors implemented a review of previous studies in the field of geometric deviations, erection loads, and other specific factors arising in the process of design → manufacturing → erection → service of steel structures of large-span shells. Determination and analysis of erection and assembly deviations arising during erection of stadium shell unit is done by means of author’s software application - Computing System ‘Dimensional Analysis of Lattice Structures’ (VK RASK). The results of analysis and studies show that the amounts of geometric deviations arising during assembly of shell unit before elevation have been estimated. The authors analysed measures provided by the project of MERO enterprise for compensation of erection and assembly deviations and loads in the roof.

The analysis of the vibromolding process for engineering products was given. The design experimental model of concrete distributor of small scale was developed. The results of research on dynamic simulation of machinery were set out.

This article deals with concerns of construction of subsurface structures with the use of shotcrete as a support, the samples of mine construction with application of shotcrete have been shown, in particular projected mine with vertical well bore. The calculation method for construction of well bore with the use of shotcrete support has been stated, the major analytical relationships have been set out, a graph showing the growth of strength in a support has been generated for several sites according to the results of actual geotechnical survey. The research of properties of concrete with fast development of strength has been implemented for mine engineering and construction of transportation infrastructure. The results of experimental analysis of shotcrete with organo-mineral and chemical additives have been listed. Performance improvement of physical and mechanical properties of shotcrete has been proven when the complex active nano agent added into composition of the binder. Improved kinetics of development of strength related to accelerated admixture helps in proportioning concrete compositions for practically any firm and medium-firm grounds during construction of support of subsurface structures.

Results of research that aimed on appearance of self-healing ability between characteristics of construction materials and products, based on mineral binding substances, via bioprocesses of selective action, resulting from the introduction of bacterial biomass into the composition of mortar and consruction cement mixes were shown in the article. The article contains the results of revealing the most active forms of biological material adapted to the conditions of formation of building products based on mineral binders and results of investigating their effect on the rheological, technological and operational properties of mortars that are modified. Portland cement and gypsum binder were used as mineral binders to produce solution mixtures with different pH values. Efficiency of bacterial cell action was determined via estimation of cell urease activity. The variations of values of water-cement ratio appeared to be pronounced in dependence on: concentrations of introduced cell biomass content; changes in the urease activity of the bacterial cells, varied with the values of pH of used medium; the use of both highly porous natural and artificial materials as microcontainer carriers. The obtained results make it possible to conclude about significant change in the rheological properties of cement-sand mortars owing to the presence of biological surfactants entering into a content of bacterial cells. The influence of cells concentration on a setting time and strength characteristics of cement-sand mortars was determined.

This paper suggests that building information modeling is predominantly aimed at deriving certain economic benefits. The construction schedule is prepared without considering the proper balance in the environment. Due to their complex and diverse nature, construction operations cannot be ideally modeled in terms of environmental sustainability. Still, a reduction of some hazardous impacts is manageable. This paper primarily focuses on the methodology that can be used to calculate the volume of polluting substances emitted during machinery operation. It highlights that during construction of large residential and environmental complexes, when several objects and linear facilities of tens or hundreds kilometers are being built simultaneously, it is especially dangerous to use a fleet of machines and mechanisms. The originality of this paper is underpinned by the conceptually new approach to the environmental basis of the construction processes during building construction. Hazardous emissions are suggested to be calculated using the generally known methodology for determining the maximum amount of technical resources required per shift. Given a known machinery brand, engine capacity and the number of operating shifts of a machine or mechanism, the maximum emission volume can be derived. By comparing the calculation results with the maximum allowable concentrations, the final conclusion can be made regarding the conformity of the construction schedule with the applicable environmental standards.

Real property is one of the fundamental objects of civil law rights, and one of the most widely spread tool of investment policy, as well as a compound complex object of urban development, an object of legacy and cultural heritage of Russia. In this regard complex study of legislative control and law enforcement practice, including court practice, real property regulation is of prime importance for optimization of decisions in separate issues of state policy in various fields of social life. Thus, legal nature of real property is determined not only by civil legislation, but also by land, urban planning and housing legislation. The issues of integrative approach to legislative control of real property have always been a matter of long-term argument not only in juridical literature but have also become a matter of dispute on numerous cases. Thus Russia’s Constitutional Court and Supreme Court of the Russian Federation passed their opinions regarding necessity of harmonious regulation of the issues surrounding real property. The present article sets out both the definition of real property as a complex legal category and its discrete subcategories, for instance, car parking spaces, assets under construction, etc.

In this paper, we study the foreign exchange rates of a pair Russian ruble/US dollar on the subject of fractality. It has been shown that the time series studied quotes has the basic fractal properties. With the help of the Hurst exponent was calculated by the Hausdorff dimension, which was a fractional number that supports the hypothesis of fractality. Volatility charts were compared with charts of known solutions of the fractional differential equation wandering point particle in a self-similar fractal set. The solution of this equation is a function of Mittag-Leffler. It is shown that graphs of the Mittag-Leffler function repeat exactly the structure of graphs volatilities for different periods of time. The solution of such an equation is written out using the Mittag-Leffler functions. The graphs of these decisions are compared with the volatility charts for different time periods. It also clearly confirms that the Russian currency market is a fractal. Thus, these results will help in predicting market behavior in advance a preset time in the future, which is almost a valuable tool for working with Russian currency market.