Subject: the concept of “green” standardization of living environment technologies and “green” innovative products. Research objectives: identify ways and means of forming the most likely transition to a new environmentally friendly technological structure that in the future will replace the existing energy-consuming mode of engineering and technology, which leads to a global environmental collapse. Materials and methods: the “green” standardization of the future for assessing the conformity and environmental expertise of the safety and nature-friendliness of the newest technologies being developed among the promising breakthrough technologies and for assessing the conformity of “innovative” products with the requirements of biopositivity, comfort and safety. Results: the Technical Committee for Standardization has been created (“Green” Technologies of Living Environment and “Green” Innovative Products - TK 366), which is a form of cooperation of interested organizations, authorities and individuals in carrying out work on national, interstate and international standardization in the spheres of activity associated with development, production and implementation of promising economically advantageous technologies, materials and products based on the principles of energy and natural resources conservation, minimization of the negative impact on the environment and maintenance of human health throughout the life cycle of the created material or products. Conclusions: the main terms of the “green” standardization and criteria for classifying the technologies of the living environment and innovative products as “green” ones are recommended for use.

Subject: the structure and architectural-spatial solution of the roadside service facilities along the motor roads of national importance of Belarus in relation to peculiarities of their location and the proposed methods of integration. In this article, methods of integration, into the existing landscape, of roadside service facilities in various parts of the terrain along the highways of national importance in Belarus are presented. The characteristic structure and features of these facilities are determined depending on the proposed methods of integration. Recommendations for their placement and architectural-spatial solution are given. A typical block of premises in the structure of the facilities under consideration was identified. Recommendations on the use of the obtained results are given. Objectives: determination of structure and overall architectural organization of roadside service facilities in Belarus in relation to their placement conditions. Materials and methods: the work was performed by systematization, structural and comparative analysis and generalization of data obtained during field surveys of roadside service facilities, which are located along the motor roads of national importance in Belarus, as well as by interviewing the traffic participants. During the field surveys, photographic and grapho-analytical methods were used. Moreover, a genetic analysis was carried out, a method of theoretical generalization of published materials was applied. Results: the principles and conditions for integration in relation to location of roadside service facilities of Belarus, as well as the structure and some features of the overall architectural solution of the facilities are determined according to the proposed methods. A typical block and an atypical group of premises for the facilities under consideration are identified. Conclusions: the theoretical and methodological foundations of facility placement have been developed, the characteristic structure and features of the overall architectural solution have been revealed, which makes it possible to implement more substantiated and objective solutions with respect to development of the roadside service network. The proposed classification can be used as the basis for architectural-artistic and space-planning solution of the roadside facility. In addition, this concept can be used to develop a list of requirements for appearance of service facilities under construction and for regulation of their architectural and spatial solutions.

Subject: obtaining an analytical solution to the problem of deflection of a spatial structure with an arbitrary number of panels, which remains valid for a wide class of constructions of the proposed structure. Research objectives: the main purpose of this work is to derive dependence of truss deflection on the number of panels, on the magnitude of the load and dimensions of the structure. Materials and methods: the deformability of a truss over rectangular plan with vertical supports on all lateral sides, made of steel or aluminum alloys is estimated by the vertical displacement of the central node, to which the force is applied. The forces in the rods and supports are determined by the method of joints. Generalization of the particular solutions found for a sequence of trusses with various number of panels to an arbitrary number of panels is obtained by induction. All symbolic transformations and solutions are performed in the computer mathematics system Maple. Using special operators of the Maple software, homogeneous linear recurrence equations are derived and solved, which are satisfied by the terms in the sequences of coefficients of the desired formula. Results: the resulting deflection formula constitutes a cubic polynomial expressed in terms of the number of panels. The graphs of the dependence of deflection on the number of panels and on the height are plotted. Formulas for forces in characteristic rods are derived. Conclusions: the proposed model of a statically determinate spatial truss structure with supports all over the contour allows an analytical solution for deflection and its generalization to an arbitrary number of panels. The results are numerically verified and can be used as benchmark cases for estimation of the accuracy of numerical solutions. The obtained formulas are most effective for large number of panels, i.e., when numerical methods based on solving high-order linear systems require significant machine resources and are prone to uncontrolled accumulation of round-off errors.

Subject: at the present time, the active interaction of various elements of combined piled-raft foundation (CPRF), erected in the conditions of distribution of collapsible soils, has not been sufficiently studied. The subject of the study is technological parameters and design schemes of the combined piled-raft foundation installation. We evaluate the effect of soil compaction of the foundation with ground piles on the formation of stress-strain state of the system (slab-pile-ground base). Research objectives: to reduce the cost and timing of construction of foundations, develop effective design techniques, an assessment was made of the implementation of integrated CPRF technology in the construction of a high-rise building in the conditions of distribution of collapsible soils. Materials and methods: field and laboratory data for determination of physical and mechanical properties of ground soils (humidity, specific and volume weight, humidity at the borderline of rolling and fluidity), grain (granulometric) and micro aggregate composition, swelling and shrinkage characteristics, strength and deformability characteristics (single-plane section, consolidated drained tests), characteristics of subsidence, filtration coefficient; soil testing with static indentation and pull-out loads; computer simulation of stress-strain state of the foundation with the software package Plaxis 2D. Results: field and laboratory experiments resulted in the implementation of integrated technology of construction of the piled-raft foundation on collapsible soil in the conditions of dense urban development. Conclusions: the proposed design method of the piled-raft foundation has allowed us to improve construction properties of soil, considerably increase the pile bearing capacity, reduce depth of piling and effectively include the ground-soil of a longitudinal part of the foundation into work. This method gives considerable economic effect and reduces the construction duration.

Subject: studying surface quality of silicate coatings based on sol-silicate paints. Research objectives: study regularities in formation of the quality of appearance of silicate coatings, depending on the type of film-forming agent. Materials and methods: polysilicate solutions were prepared by interaction of stabilized solutions of colloidal silica (sols) with liquid glasses. Scanning probe microscopy methods were used to assess the quality of the coating surface. The parameters of surface roughness were determined. Results: it is shown that it is possible to improve the appearance of silicate coatings by using in paints the polysilicate solutions as a film-forming agent. It has been shown that for coating samples based on sodium and potassium polysilicate solution, the surface patches with a less pronounced relief are observed compared to the nature of microprofiles of the coating samples based on potassium and sodium liquid glass. Coatings based on potassium and sodium polysilicate solution are characterized by more uniform distribution of the surface roughness. Conclusions: sol-silicate paints are characterized by higher quality of appearance of the coatings.

This paper examines the effects of specification on building collapse in Nigeria. The study became necessary due to the ugly cases of buildings collapsing in the country over the years. In doing so, the study begins with review of relevant literature on the concept of specification, as well as the factors associated with building collapse. The need for specification in building construction projects was enunciated upon. Other factors that culminate in building collapse, such as load types; man-power; technical skills, etc. are discussed herein. The study further examines identifies and documents cases of building collapse in Nigeria to identify the causes and factors responsible for the collapse. Interviews were conducted with practicing professionals in the construction industry. This was done to obtain professional insights and experiences used as part of the data in the research. Findings from this study highlights consequential role of poor specification in causing building collapse, loss of lives and properties. This paper concludes with identifying the relevance of specification in ensuring adherence to appropriate materials and construction methods for structural stability. Recommendations are given to guard against poor specifications that result in the collapse of buildings, properties and ultimately loss of lives.

Subject: the article is devoted to the study of the processes of vortex formation (microturbulence) in non-pressure pipelines of drainage systems with a corrugated surface during transportation of liquid through them. The results of experiments on the study of microturbulence and carrying capacity of water flow at small fillings and velocities in an open tray are described for the flow past point and linearly elongated obstacles. On the basis of semi-phenomenological theory of turbulence with the use of universal indicator, expressed as a criterion of turbulence, theoretical derivations are presented for determination of zone of conducting subsequent experiments in the corresponding ranges of velocities at different heights of obstacles. The assumption is made that it is necessary to theoretically study the dependence of roughness coefficient on the ratio of obstacle height to pipe diameter in a wide range of fillings. The article presents the results of field experiments to identify the efficiency of pipeline network carrying capacity as a function of the filling value at a certain character of artificial obstacles. Research objectives: theoretical and experimental study of vortex formation processes and carrying capacity of fluid flow as it moves along a non-pressure tray with a textured surface to identify the optimal regime of pipeline operation. Materials and methods: literature sources were analyzed, stands for conducting field experiments were developed. We conducted a series of experiments and set forth theoretical propositions and possibilities for improvement of transporting capacity of the flow as it moves along the gravity pipeline with different textured inner surface. To determine the flow rate, a volumetric method was used, and the degree of turbulence was estimated using photo and movie equipment based on the use of black and white effect. Results: formation of flow microturbulence during placement of single or group obstacles in an open tray was investigated, graphs were constructed and mathematical dependences of the roughness coefficient on the ratio of obstacle height to pipe diameter were obtained for different filling values. A comparison of the values of the roughness coefficient was made for real sewer pipes made of different materials with artificial roughness generated on the experimental setup. The practical absence of discrepancies between artificial and natural roughnesses in the range of self-cleaning rates of water flow and normative fillings is established. Conclusions: studies have shown that the presence of artificial roughness in the form of various types of obstacles on the inner surface of the pipeline (by height, pitch, configuration) noticeably affects the transporting capacity of water flow. This makes it possible to use a textured surface in the form of polymer hoses applied to the inner surface of pipelines during their trenchless renovation to ensure self-cleaning of pipes and improve efficiency of sediments transportation.

Subject: calculation of filtration through concrete-lined facings with the subsequent construction of diagrams of excess pressure when sealing the seams. The considered case of water permeability of the sealed seam of the facing refers to a two-layer medium with a sealed screen and an underlying base in which three types of excess pressure diagrams can be formed depending on the ratio of the filtration coefficient of the ground-soil to that of the sealed layer. Research objectives: investigation of cases of water permeability of the sealed seam of the facing in a two-layer medium where the top layer constitutes a sealed screen of soil in which three types of excess pressure diagrams can be formed depending on the ratio of the filtration coefficient of the ground-soil to that of the sealed layer. Materials and methods: dependencies of specific flow through the sealed seam are considered. Results: for the analyzed cases of water permeability of the sealed seam, it was established that for the ratio of ground soil filtration coefficient to that of the sealed layer the following values are obtained: 1) when , the excess pressure would be positive and the filtration in the foundation would proceed with complete saturation of pores with water; 2) when , the diagram corresponds to such a degree of seam sealing, at which the excess pressure at its base falls to zero; 3) when , there is a negative excess pressure (i.e., vacuum), and the filtration with full pore saturation transitions to motion with partial saturation of pores. Conclusions: The obtained value of the speed of spreading of seepage flow under the sealed seam in the first case when is (1.0> 0.274 m/day), in the second case when - (1.0 ≅ 1.02 m/day), and in the third case, when - (1.0 < 2.48 m/day). These data confirm the nature of the filtration process in the ground-soil under the seam: in the first case - with complete saturation of pores, in the second case, there is a boundary with the transition from complete saturation of the soil to partially saturated soil, and in the third case - with partial saturation of the ground-soil, which corresponds to previously established concepts of filtration nature for infiltration basins.

Subject: the article focuses on investigation of kinetics of sludge liquor sedimentation and on determination of its characteristics; the relations between parameters of activated sludge such as mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS), sludge-water phase boundary and sedimentation rate are highlighted. Research objectives: research on kinetics and parameters of activated sludge sedimentation at city wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Materials and methods: field tests of sedimentation process of real sludge samples from different WWTP in laboratory cylinders are conducted, mathematical and graphical processing of the obtained results is carried out. Results: kinetics of sedimentation of sludge liquor with MLSS equal to 0.6…6.2 mg/l is described, main dependencies between sedimentation characteristics of activated sludge are obtained. The regularities of sedimentation of sludge with small and large MLSS are noted. Conclusions: kinetics of sludge sedimentation for various MLSS is determined, the rate of elimination of “sludge-water” phase boundary is determined.

Subject: ecological condition of residential areas as a whole depends not only on the state of atmospheric air, the quality of drinking water, the degree of purification of household sewage, but also on the sanitary condition of territories, which includes the timely cleaning of solid municipal waste (SMW), cleaning of the territory, collection and cleaning of surface runoff. To assess the environmental situation in the territory it is important to have numerical data on the level of pollution of the territory and urban soil, the proportion of water entering the ground, water flowing over the surface and the proportion of water entering the water treatment plant. In this paper, the surface runoff of a residential area has been studied, and methods for its collection and purification have been described. Research objectives: the author of the study pursued the following goals - determination of priority structural links in the system of diversion and cleaning of surface runoff, assessment of their influence on operability and stability of the system, development of a method for controlling the operation of the system. Materials and methods: results of theoretical studies, environmental monitoring, methods of system and factor analysis, expert assessments of technologies and water treatment facilities were used. Results: a technique is proposed and recommendations are given on drawing up a territorial scheme for diversion of surface runoff. A formula for estimating and calculating parameters of reservoir and water treatment facilities is proposed. The characteristics of treatment facilities of different types are given. Conclusions: areas of further systematization of the results are highlighted: development of a methodology for constructing a balance of surface waters in the territory, the cataloging of surface water treatment technologies, and development and evaluation of integrated schemes for collecting and cleaning surface runoff with an assessment of their ecological efficiency.