The current state of the resort towns and their diversification in Armenia are discussed in the context of sustainable development. Armenia doesn’t currently stand out among the tourist destinations of the world, despite its historical and cultural heritage and natural resources. In this article the town Jermuk is described, which is located in Vayots Dzor region of Armenia. Health centers and other infrastructures of Armenian re- sorts were built in the period of the Soviet Union; they were restored in recent times. The main development trends of Jermuk should follow the upgrade of already built resorts (their leading examples at the European level), at the same time creating more active environment in order to meet the requirements of local population and visitors, taking into account the surrounding natural landscape and its features. One of the important issues, which should be taken into account, is the problem of seasonality (the city has no money to give for the opportunity to diversify the tourism offer in winter), and the economy with the only activity (thermal function).Within a few years, Jermuk has rediscovered its perspectives and expresses the desire to acquire its place in the international market of spa tourism at a future date. Thus, the question of assessing the historical and cultural heritage is now one of the most pressing problems of the city, which is on the eve of important decisions on the future direction of resuming recovery services. For the revival and development of Jermuk in the medium and long term, and in order to identify urban and architectural interventions, we should note some important issues:Updating the thermal functions of the city: This area of Jermuk still attracts a large clientele in summer, mainly from Yerevan, the Armenian diaspora and from the former Soviet republics (mainly from Russia). At the same time, the increase in the tourist attraction level requires upgrading public-safety and recreational facilities in order to meet the current needs of national and international clients.Diversification of tourism offer: In order to cope with international competition, Jer- muk should diversify its summer travel offers for increasing tourist flows even during the winter season. In this context, it should also be noted that Jermuk has all the necessary conditions (mountain ranges and favorable climate of the region of Vayots Dzor, quantity and quality of snow in the winter) for the development of winter sports (downhill and cross-country skiing, etc.).Integration of the local population in the process of urban and economic development of the city is also important. Evaluation of Armenian culture in the context of economic development can only be achieved by relying on the skills of people.

Large cities of central Russia were built under the influence of the factors that played an important role in protecting their population; natural resources and opportunities for trading were also essential. The industrial development and construction of large industrial facilities were significant for the formation of urban environment. As a result architectural monuments of great historical value that have a significant influence on the formation of the modern city image were preserved.Nowadays, a great number of buildings of historical and architectural heritage turned out to be in poor condition. Funding and its efficient use are rational means of saving the most valuable objects of historical and cultural heritage. In order to do this it is necessary to solve the problems of developing complex and effective measures for preserving these objectsThe existing method of preserving urban objects does not focus on urban architectural objects of historical and architectural value. It does not cover the study of urban development features in architectural and town-planning environment surrounding this object, it does not determine the historical and architectural value of the object and it does not identify the relationship of the object and the surrounding objects as well as architectural frame of the total area. That is why the existing method cannot be considered an appropriate system for preserving the objects of historical and architectural heritage.In order to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above and to increase tourist interest to the architecturally valuable buildings in urban areas, the author has proposed a complex approach to improve the method of reconstructing urban objects of great historical and architectural significance.The existing method of preserving historical objects includes the preparatory period of studying the degree of historical and architectural heritage wear and decay, developing the techniques for strengthening structural elements, delivering building materials, preparing the construction site and the basic period when condemned structures are demolished, new design elements are formed and assembled, interior finishing work is performed and the object facade is restored. In contrast to it, our method includes additional periods and a performance list. In particular, it is proposed to carry out a research period prior to the preparatory period, and after the basic period there should be the ending period.Thus, during the research period it is necessary to study urban development fea- tures in architectural and town-planning environment, to identify the historical and archi- tectural value of the object, to estimate its ramshackle state and whether it is habitable, to determine the relationship of the object with the architectural and aesthetic image of sur- rounding objects and to develop a conservation program; and during the ending period it is proposed to assess the historical and architectural significance of the reconstructed object in relation to the aesthetic and architectural image of the surrounding area. The proposed complex method will increase the attractiveness of a historical and architectural heritage object and its surrounding area for tourists and, consequently, raise the cultural level of the visitors. Furthermore, the method will ensure the construction of recreation zones, their more frequent usage and visiting surrounding objects of social infrastructure, because more opportunities for cultural and aesthetic pastime will be offered. The method will also provide a more reasonable and effective use of available funding due to the careful analysis and proper choice of the methods to preserve objects of historical and architectural heritage.

In the article the authors describe a method of optimizing the stress state of an elastic beam, subject to the simultaneous action of the central concentrated force and bending moment. The optimization method is based on solving the inverse problem of the strength of materials, consisting in defining the law of changing in elasticity modulus with beam cross-section altitude. With this changing the stress state will be preset. Most problems of the elasticity theory of inhomogeneous bodies are solved in direct formulation, the essence of which is to determine the stress-strain state of a body at the known dependences of the material elastic characteristics from the coordinates. There are also some solutions of the inverse problems of the elasticity theory, in which the dependences of the mechanical characteristics from the coordinates, at which the stress state of a body is preset, are determined. In the paper the authors solve the problem of finding a dependence modulus of elasticity, where the stresses will be constant over the beam’s cross section. We will solve the problem of combined strength (in the case of the central stretching and bending). We will use an iterative method. As the initial solution, we take the solution for a homogeneous material. As the first approximation, we consider the stress state of a beam, when the modulus of elasticity varies linearly. According to the results, it can be stated that three approximations are sufficient in the considered problem. The obtained results allow us to use them in assessing the strength of a beam and its optimization.

When designing residential buildings, additional measures for increasing the strength at dynamic effects indoors are not foreseen. The walls of the structure fixed in the framework are not designed for shock wave caused by explosion of utility gas. When designing a building, the task of the special dynamic load is often reduced to the calculation of the safe shock pressure, exceeding of which leads to the destruction of the structures. The wall with the window area under dynamic effects is a blast relief panel, which reduces the excess pressure inside the room. The proposed method of calculating a design with a window unit allows determining the dynamic reaction of the wall on explosive pulse. The proposed calculation technique of the constructions at shock loads allows tracing the changes of the inertial forces and displacements at any stage of dynamic response. The reaction to dynamic loads can be also set for non-monolithic structures, consisting of different materials with different conditions of fastening. Elastoplastic reaction of a brick wall with glass units was determined using step-by-step method of linear acceleration. The calculation of stress-strain state of brick walls with window panes determined the strength properties of the structures close to the monolithic version. The proposed technique of numerical solution of dynamic equations is applied only in the analysis of elastic systems, in which the dynamic characteristics remain unchanged throughout the reaction process.

The problem of a beam resting on elastic foundation often occurs in the analysis of building, geotechnical, highway, and railroad structures. Its solution demands modeling of the mechanical behavior of the beam, the mechanical behavior of the soil as elastic subgrade and the form of interaction between the beam and the soil. The oldest, most fa- mous and most frequently used mechanical model is the one devised by Winkler (1867), in which the beam-supporting soil is modeled as a series of closely spaced, mutually independent, linear elastic vertical springs, which, evidently, provide resistance in direct proportion to the deflection of the beam.The solution is presented for the problem of an Euler–Bernoulli beam supported by an infinite two-parameter Pasternak foundation. The beam is subjected to arbitrarily distributed or concentrated vertical loading along its length. Static response of a beam on an elastic foundation characterized by two parameters is investigated assuming, that the beam is subjected to external loads and two concentrated edge load. The governing equations of the problem are obtained and solved by pointing out that there is a concentrated edge foundation reaction in addition to a continuous foundation reaction along the beam axis in the case of complete contact in the foundation reactions of the two-parameter foundation model. The proposed method is based on the properties of Fourier transforms of the finite functions. Particular attention is paid to the problem, taking into account the deformation of soil areas outside the beam. The beam model with two foundation coefficients more realistically describes the behavior of strip footings under loading.

In the foreign countries there are not only design guidelines but also standards for testing FRP materials. These codes do not recommend using FRP bars in compressive members, such as columns. But the compressive strength shouldn’t be neglected according to those design codes. In our country the standards for FRP testing and design codes are just in the process of development.This paper contains the results of a compression testing of GFRP and BFRP with different configurations. The proposed height of the specimen was 1d, 3d and 5d. The results of the tests and failure mechanisms of the samples are discussed. The author also gives strain distribution in dependence with the specimen type. The conclusions and proposals for the use of FRP reinforcement in compression are offered. One of the main conclusions is that with the height increase the compressive strength also increases, while the strain decreases.Basing on the survey results the ratio of tensile strength to compressive strength and the ratio of compressive elasticity modulus to tensile elasticity modulus are given.

The article is a brief review of the research of stress-strain state of a structure that represents a hemispherical geodetic dome exposed to the dead load. Double-contour geodetic domes composed of plates and rods are the subject of the research. The process of their design has two stages: (a) design of geometric models of geodetic domes and (b) analysis of the domes.The author demonstrates that the first stage can be implemented through the employment of the library of ArchiCAD objects. Supplementary research is needed to have the second stage implemented. The objective of this research is to present the results of the research using computeraided methods of metal structures modeling.The article presents a study of the stress-strain state of a construction with a geodetic dome (shell) of the system “R” (classification of prof. G.N. Pavlov). The purpose of the paper is to present the results of numerical modeling in PATRAN/NASTRAN system in the form of approximate formulas. Approximate formulas are presented for calculation of global maximum of stress in second contour.

The present article studies a procedure of calculating the strength of pipeline support constructions of the above-ground oil trunk pipeline system «Zapolyar'e — oil pumping station «Pur-pe». The calculations of the supports stress-strain state are performed with the use of computer complex Ansys v13, which applies the finite element method. The article provides a short description of the construction of fixed, linear-sliding and free-sliding supports of the oil pipeline of above-ground routing, developed for the installation in complex climatic and geologic conditions of the far north. According to the operation specification for design — the support constructions have to maintain the resistance power and bearing capacity under the influence of the pipeline stress without sagging and considering the possible sagging of the neighboring support. The support constructions represent space structures with a complex geometry. Together with the complex geometry, contacting elements are present in the construction of the supports. There is also an interaction of the pile foundation and the nonhomogeneous foundation. The enumerated peculiarities of the construction and operating conditions of the supports considerably complicate the strength calculations by engineering methods. The method of numerical modeling (finite element method) used in the article for the analysis of the supports’ operation under the stress is widely applied at the present time for calculations of space structures with a complex geometry. For the first time, while performing the supports’ strength calculations, the article considers the mutual deformation of the support, foundation grill and pile foundation in the ground, thus making it possible to consider real operation of the construction altogether. The main development stages of the calculation model “support — pile foundation — ground” in ANSYS, calculation and testing of the static strength of the support constructions are discussed in the article. The authors provide the calculation examples of the supports' stress-strain state for unfavorable combination of loads with maximum bending moment for a fixed support and maximum vertical force and maximum longitudinal-lateral displacement of the top part for a free-sliding support. The use of modern approaches to the operation modeling of the support constructions allows avoiding the excessive conservatism in estimating the stress-strain state of the supports and allows developing the construction optimal for metal intensity, while meeting the requirements for allowable stresses according to the actual normative documents.

Torsion of thin-walled open-section beams due to restrained warping displacements of cross-section is causing additional stresses, which make a significant contribution to the total stress. Due to plastic deformation there are certain reserves of bearing capacity, identification of which is of significant practical interest. The existing normative documents for the design of steel structures in Russia do not include design factor taking into account the development of plastic deformation during warping torsion. The analysis of thin-walled open-section members with plastic deformation will more accurately determine their load-bearing capacity and requires further research. Reserves of the beams bearing capacity due to the development of plastic deformations are revealed when beams are influenced by bending, as well as tension and compression. The existing methodology of determining these reserves and the plastic shape factor in bending was reviewed. This has allowed understanding how it was possible to solve this problem for warping torsion members and outline possible ways of theoretical studies of the bearing capacity in warping torsion. The authors used theoretical approach in determining this factor for the symmetric I-section beam under the action of bimoment and gave recommendations for the design of torsion members including improved value of plastic shape factor.

Construction in urban areas is often related to reusing previously developed sites, which requires solving additional tasks both by builders and surveyors additional. The tasks are related to the evaluation of already changed natural (geological) environment of this area and its further investigation in connection with the proposed creation of a new natural-technogenic system (NTS). This article presents some examples of the influence of engineering survey quality on adopting extraordinary project solutions excluding the negative impact on NTS formation in the process of construction and operation of facilities in Moscow. In particular it is stated that the lack of control in the process of land works and transfer from the platform of water-bearing communications may ultimately lead to a different change in the strength and deformation properties of soil at the base of structures, and in some cases to geoecological disfuncion of the newly created NTS due to adverse geological processes development. The author draws attention to the complexity and responsibility of engineering geological surveys in the areas of developing powerful (>10 m) strata of bulk soils. The article considers some aspects of the influence of the temperature regime of soils in the foundation structures active zone on heat and moisture transfer in these soils, their condition and deformation properties in city area. A particular example of the construction of a high-rise building in Moscow has shown that the presence of heat-bearing communications within 3—10 m from the earth's surface may increase the annual average temperature of the strata up to 30 degrees and more, thus, dismantling such communications leads to different changes in the established temperature regime and conditions of clay soils. It is noted that the forecast of the change in basic physical and mechanical properties of the base soil in urban conditions is not possible without thermometric work during engineering-geological researches.

In the article the current state of quality supply of engineering surveys for construction is discussed. The main criteria for improving the design quality of buildings and structures for industrial, civil and other purposes is the reliability and adequacy of the results of engineering-geological surveys. The authors show the examples of inadequate study of engineering-geological conditions in the design of structures that led to emergency situations. Consideration of the reasons of accidents in structures showed that they are caused by lack of research conducted, the underestimation of the complexity of geological conditions. In the process of conducting geotechnical investigations the works were focused directly in the enclosure of a designed building, and the features of geological and hydrogeological conditions of the off-site were much more complex. In the process of construction during the sinking of the pit activation suffusion processes occurred, which led to an accident. Underestimation of the use of these geological funds in this example shows that even in the presence of fund materials, which are currently almost not increased, errors may occur due to the notorious savings for research. The requirements to ensuring the reliability and adequacy of engineering-geological surveys, which the authors call "The Rule of two D" (in Russian — Reliability and Adequacy), lie in the existing legal acts. The practice of fulfilling requirements to a large extend shows that the desire to save money at the stage of design and exploration works results in additional costs for additional design, recovery from accidents and works on a new project. The authors critically evaluated the development of engineering and geotechnical engineering instead of geological survey, which is not methodologically and theoretically substantiated and leads to the excluding from engineering surveys the consideration of the off-site geotechnical conditions directly below the designed structure. The authors give the recommendations for improving the examination quality of the results of surveys and recommendations on obligatory increase of geological funds.

In the article the author describes the importance of the technological regulations development in the process of constructing various transport constructions: tunnels, subways, bridges and other important objects. In the article the peculiarities of the tech- nological regulations development are fully taken into account; the dependence of the depth of their development and the quality of the concrete constructions, as well as the speed of the objects of transport infrastructure construction, including the examples of building the road tunnels in Moscow. The course of their development is shown with account for the main provisions, which should be included in technological regulations in order to ensure the most complete coverage of the issues arising in engineering, laboratory and Supervisory structure in the process of performing the works. The author proposes new effective materials and technologies of works. In particular, sufficient attention is paid to self-compacting concrete — a new type of concrete, which is able to flow and compact under its own weight, completely filling the formwork even in case of dense reinforcement, while maintaining the homogeneity and having no seals. The application experience of concrete self-sealing in the construction of the metro showed that labor costs for the concrete mixture sealing were 5-6 times reduced, and the speed of laying the concrete increased 2-3 times. When laying self-compacting concrete high-quality surfaces are formed, which do not require additional costs to bring them to the design parameters. In addition, the work shows the parameters of the technological processes and sets various types of works sequence: the article describes the features of formwork, placement and curing of the concrete in terms of year-round construction, shows the importance of thermo physical calculations of concrete hardening and the efficiency of using self-sealing concrete. Sufficient attention is also paid to the methods of quality assurance and to the methods of preventing cracking of various structural elements of a construction, as well as to the safety requirements and ensuring proper protection of the environment.

This paper presents a study of the capability to modify cement by mechanical activation of sodium silicate water solution. Admixtures or blends of binding agents were employed for modifying concrete properties. The liquid glass is applied to protect from chemically or physically unfavorable environmental impacts, such as acidic medium and high temperature. The sodium silicate is a high-capacity setting accelerator. The increasing of the liquid glass proportion in the mix leads to the degradation of the cement paste plasticity and for this reason it is necessary to reduce the amount of liquid glass in the cement paste. The activation of dilute water solution of sodium silicate into rotary pulsating apparatus directly before tempering of the cement paste is an effective way to decrease mass fraction of liquid glass in the cement paste. The results of the combined influence of liquid glass and mechanical activation on physicochemical processes taking place in cement stone are represented in this research. Thermogravimetric analysis was used in order to study cement blends. Thermogravimetric analysis of modified cement stone assays was performed by thermo analyzer SETARAM TGA 92-24. The results of the analysis of phase transition taking place under high-temperature heating of cement stone modified by the mechanical activation of the water solution of the sodium silicate were introduced. Thermograms of cement stone assays were obtained at different hardening age. The comparison of these thermograms allows us to come to a conclusion on the formation and the retention during long time of a more dense structure of the composite matrix mixed by the mechanical activation of sodium silicate water solution. The relation between the concrete composition and its strength properties was stated. Perhaps, the capability of modified concrete to keep calcium ions in sparingly soluble hydrosilicates leads to the increase in its durability and corrosion resistance.

Starting with 2008 and till 2013 there have been alarm messages about fires occurring at landfill places in Russia. Landfill fires are especially dangerous as they emit dangerous fumes from the combustion of the wide range of materials within the landfill. Subsurface landfill fires, unlike typical fires, cannot be put out with water. The article includes the analysis of the sources and causes of conflagrations at landfills. There maintains the necessity to eliminate the reasons, which cause the fires. There are quantification indices of environmental, social and economic effects of fires at landfills all over Russia. Surface fires generally burn at relatively low temperatures and are characterized by the emission of dense white smoke and the products of incomplete combustion. The smoke includes irritating agents, such as organic acids and other compounds. Higher temperature fires can cause the breakdown of volatile compounds, which emit dense black smoke. Surface fires are classified as either accidental or deliberate. For the ecologic security there is a need in the execution of proper hygienic requirements to the content of the places as well as international recommendations. In addition to the burning and explosion hazards posed by landfill fires, smoke and other by-products of landfill fires also present a health risk to firefighters and others exposed to them. Smoke from landfill fires generally contains particulate matter (the products of incomplete combustion of the fuel source), which can aggravate pre-existing pulmo- nary conditions or cause respiratory distress and damage ecosystem. The monitoring of conducting preventive inflamings and transition to alternative, environment friendly methods of waste disposal is needed.

In the article the authors offer their suggestions for improving the reliability of the standardization requirements for water supply facilities in Vietnam, as an analog of building regulations of Russia 31.13330.2012. In Russia and other advanced countries the reliability of the designed water supply systems is usual to assess quantitatively. Guidelines on the reliability assessment of water supply systems and facilities have been offered by many researchers, but these proposals are not officially approved. Some methods for assessing the reliability of water supply facilities are informally used in practice when describing their quality. These evaluation methods are simple and useful. However, the given estimations defy common sense and regulatory requirements used by all the organizations, ministries and departments, for example, of Russia, in the process of allowances for restoration and repair of water supply facilities. Inadequacy of the water supply facilities assessment is shown on the example of assessing the reliability of pipeline system. If we take MTBF of specific length of the pipeline as reliability index for a pipeline system, for example, 5 km, a pipeline of the similar gauge, material and working conditions with the length of 5 m, according to the estimation on the basis of non-official approach, must have a value of MTBF 1000 times greater than with the length of 5 km. This conclusion runs counter to common sense, for the reason that all the pipes in the area of 5 km are identical, have the same load and rate of wear (corrosion, fouling, deformation, etc.). It was theoretically and practically proved that products of the same type in the same operating conditions (excluding determined impact of a person), work as an entity, which MTBF is equal to the average lifetime. It is proposed to take the average service life as a reliability indicator of a pipeline. Durability, but not failsafety of the pipe guarantees pipeline functioning. It is proved that not a specific pipeline length should be taken for an element of a pipeline system, but the repair area, which is in two sides limited by isolation valve and is completely disconnected for the time of recovery or any other need.

The article contains the analysis of the efficient methods of piping cleaning of water supply and sanitation systems. Special attention is paid to the ice cleaning method, in course of which biological foil and various mineral and organic deposits are removed due to the ice crust buildup on the inner surface of water supply and drainage pipes. These impurities are responsible for the deterioration of the organoleptic properties of the transported drinking water or narrowing cross-section of drainage pipes. The co-authors emphasize that the use of ice compared to other methods of pipe cleaning has a number of advantages due to the relative simplicity and cheapness of the process, economical efficiency and lack of environmental risk. The equipment for performing ice cleaning is presented, its technological options, terms of cleansing operations, as well as the volumes of disposed pollution per unit length of the water supply and drainage pipelines. It is noted that ice cleaning requires careful planning in the process of cooking ice and in the process of its supply in the pipe. There are specific requirements to its quality. In particular, when you clean drinking water system the ice applied should be hygienically clean and meet sanitary requirements.In pilot projects, in particular, quantitative and qualitative analysis of sediments ad- sorbed by ice is conducted, as well as temperature and the duration of the process. The degree of pollution of the pipeline was estimated by the volume of the remote sediment on 1 km of pipeline. Cleaning pipelines using ice can be considered one of the methods of trenchless technologies, being a significant alternative to traditional methods of cleaning the pipes. The method can be applied in urban pipeline systems of drinking water supply for the diameters of 100—600 mm, and also to diversion collectors. In the world today 450 km of pipelines are subject to ice cleaning method.Ice cleaning method is simple, quick, effective, economical and environmentally safe compared to other methods, allowing to remove the growths of biofilms and other pollution and maintain the hydraulic performance of pipeline operation at the expense of drawing on the internal surface of pipes of ice crust.

Pipeline from an external system should be inlet in the part of the building where a large number of water folding devices will be concentrated. As a rule, for shopping cen- ters with a lot of water consumers it is necessary to make not less than three inputs, each of them should be connected to different areas of an external ring water supply system in order to make the work of the system more reliable.The places for water folding fittings in shopping centers are the following. The water folding devices: mixers are placed in sanitary cabins of shopping centers. Usually, for for water saving in buildings with a big pass-through capacity per hour it is reasonable to use contactless mixers, which are turned on upon raising a hand with a help of motion sensor or light sensor. Another important argument in favor of such mixers is prevention of infections spread for the reason that the consumer doesn't touch the device, so, the risk of bacteria transmission via the device decreases. Such mixer supplies water with a demanded expense and temperature. As a rule, water for such mixers moves from the centralized internal water supply system of hot water, mixing up with cold water. If there is no centralized hot water supply system, it is possible to use hot water storage heaters in case of a small number of visitors or to reject mixers at all in favor of the cranes giving water of only one temperature (cold), which is also practiced.For the branch of economic and household the water receivers are used, which are present in sanitary cabins in most cases by toilet bowls, wash basins, urinals.

The problem of the most accurate estimation of energy consumption by ventilation and air conditioning systems in buildings is a high-priority task now because of the decrease of energy and fuel sources and because of the revision of building standards in Russian Federation. That’s why it is very important to find simple but accurate enough correlations of the climatic parameters in heating and cooling seasons of a year.Therefore the probabilistic and statistical relationship of the parameters of external climate in warm and cold seasons are considered. The climatic curves for cold and warm seasons in Moscow showing the most probable combinations between the external air temperature and the relative air humidity are plotted using the data from the Design Guidelines to the State Building Code “Building Climatology”. The statistical relationship of the enthalpy and the external air temperature for climatic conditions of Moscow are determined using these climatic curves and formulas connecting relative air humidity and other parameters of the air moisture degree.The mean value of the external air enthalpy for the heating season is calculated in order to simplify the determination of full heat consumption of ventilating and air conditioning systems taking into account the real mean state of external air. The field of ap- plication and the estimation of accuracy and standard deviation for the presented dependences are found. The obtained model contains the only independent parameter namely the external air temperature and therefore it can be easily used in engineering practice especially during preliminary calculation.

The article deals with the analysis of embankment dams of a new type: a rockfill dam with a clay-cement concrete diaphragm built by bored-pile method. The authors give the results of numerical modeling of a stress-strain state of 69 m high dam, where a diaphragm in the form of a slurry trench cutoff wall cuts the whole dam body and a23 m deep gravel-pebble foundation. The co-authors describe a dam design where the diaphragm is constructed in three lifts. The diaphragm lifts are connected by slabs made of clay-cement concrete or clay. Numerical modeling was carried out with the use of the author’s computer program with consideration of non-linearity of soils deformation. Analyses showed that clay-cement concrete of a slurry trench cutoff wall is in a favorable stress state, as clay-cement concrete by its deformation characteristics (E = 100 МPа) is close to gravel-pebble soil. The diaphragm deflections turned to be small; therefore, tensile stresses will not occur in it. In the diaphragm the clay-cement concrete is in a state of triaxial compression, therefore, its strength will be higher than unconfined compression strength (1-2 МPа). It may be expected that its strength will be provided. The nodes of connection of the slurry trench cutoff wall lifts also demonstrate safe operation.

The society in its development periodically faces the problem of insufficiently intense social and economic development, stagnation in industrial production and changes of consumer demand for various goods and services including the construction products. Current conditions dictate the need for the development and use of mechanisms enhancing the socio-economic well-being of the population growth in some regions and the Russian society as a whole.On choosing ways of development special attention should be paid to providing synergy of the combination of economic sectors resources, significantly determining the socio-economic well-being of the population. The comparative analysis of the socio-economic development is a tool of identifying and restraining the negative and constraint factors for subsequent adjustments and development of measures to reduce their role or liquidate them in order to solve the housing problem, the most severe for vulnerable groups, as well as members of the middle class.In this regard, a new approach to the implementation of housing policies basing on the principle of cluster was proposed. Clustering provides joining of efforts of main economic sectors (public, real, social and financial) to overcome the negative conditions of the housing policy and combines technological connection of the development of residential real estate with the finance and credit support for cluster initiatives.This is a systematic approach to overcome the negative factors and the creation of qualitative and quantitative acceleration of processes of housing construction, which determines the methodological suitability of using cluster mechanism to implement housing policy, which at the moment doesn’t show significant achievements in providing citizens with affordable housing.Using this concept of interaction of economic sectors will allow determining the di- rection of cluster initiatives development in the subjects of federal districts on the basis of their benefits and the degree of socio-economic development; trends of development of housing taking into account regional characteristics; and developing the tools of financial and credit policies to improve housing affordability as a key factor for socio-economic development of the Russian society.

The authors investigate the models of efficiency potential of management and technical solutions for a construction object, which allows accounting for the influence of management-technological and administrative solutions in the process of implementing construction project. The solutions are represented by various factors – solitary integral potentials. The factors, which should be taken into account in the process of developing an integral model, are: development of general contracting structure, project decisions, management decisions, administrative decisions and ecological impact. In is necessary to develop the model, which will integrally put together the above mentioned factors of a construction project, observe and investigate other factors, create a model and get the opportunity not only to predict the endpoint of the future construction object on the stage of formulating technological requirements, but also to monitor the changes of this prognosis in time. The parameters of the integral potential will allow the system to obtain flexibility, which makes it possible to adjust to the changes usually taking place on a con- struction object and at the same time to aim for optimization of organizational, technological and administrative solutions in the process of reaching endpoint of construction.

The article presents a convincing system of mathematical reasoning allowing us to pass over the stages of recurrent formulas as well as the induction methods in the pro- cess of developing analytic formulas using computer programs. The article elaborates the ideas on how to make the computer derive analytic formulas. The author offers us a generalization consisting in using the method of summing up to the more wide range of series, as well as finding approximate specific solutions to some differential equations and summarizations, which can occur, for example, in finite element method. The suggested method of summing the degrees with the coefficient is generalized to:a) The total formulas for the powers degrees of real numbers which are not the rational numbers. This will lead to approximate results.b) The representation of sums is connected to the solutions of certain differential equations (Cauchy problem), where we can obtain the partial equations in the form of power series with rational coefficients.

In this article the operation of a continuous double-span beam with hybrid reinforcement, steel and composite reinforcement under the action of concentrated forces is considered. The nature of stress-strain state of structures is investigated with the help of computer modeling using a three-dimensional model. Five models of beams with different characteristics were studied. According to the results of numerical studies the data on the distribution of stresses and displacements in continuous beams was provided. The dependence of the stress-strain state on increasing the percentage of the top re- inforcement (composite) of fittings and change in the concrete class is determined and presented in the article. Currently, the interest in the use of composite reinforcement as a working reinforcement of concrete structures in Russia has increased significantly, which is reflected in the increase of the number of scientific and practical publications devoted to the study of the properties and use of composite materials in construction, as well as emerging draft documents for design of such structures. One of the proposals for basalt reinforcement application is to use it in bending elements with combined reinforcement. For theoretical justification of the proposed nature of reinforcement and improvement of the calculation method the authors conduct a study of stress-strain state of continuous beams with the use of modern computing systems. The software program LIRA is most often used compared to other programs representing strain-stress state analysis of concrete structures.

The article is devoted to the questions of defining dynamic behavior of investment and construction activity as a technical and economic system and its formalized description. It is offered to use the term "condition vector" as one of the main characteristics while describing investment and construction activity. Logistic interpretation of a sustainable development of investment and construction defines the concept of optimum trajectory, which considers various dependencies of its components (construction operations, their preparation, design, material, technique, personnel, information, investment, etc.). It is necessary to point out that this state is homeostatic, which means, the managing system must provide continuous monitoring of each system component of investment and construction activities in accordance with the sustainable development pathway. The concept of dynamic balance used in logistics is identical to the concept of homeostatic balance, which is accepted in system engineering. It is defined as a property of technical and economic system, which implies that its deviations from the development pathway lie within admissible values.

The article describes the issue of increasing the visibility of technological solutions in organizational-technological design. The ability to visualize the main stages of building process technology contributes to organic integration of all the requirements. A special role for the harmonious perception is played by correct display of the lighting facilities, shadowing. Realistic shadows help to analyze the rooms’ insolation of the designed fa- cility and the surrounding areas. We give a justification for the use of AutoCAD in order to automate the process of visualizing the results of organizational-technological design. The author describes the methods of obtaining realistic natural lighting in AutoCAD without significantly increasing the complexity of the process. Engineering companies in 46 % of cases use the software AutoCAD in order to create construction plans. AutoCAD has a variety of possibilities and is constantly evolving. Continuation is one of the benefits of this program. AutoCAD is unique in terms of customization, because, apart from instruction languages, it has two built-in programming languages: AutoLISP and VisualBasic. Because of these specific features AutoCAD allows to create any applications related to graphics implementation. Constant monitoring of lightning changes allows finding the appropriate in terms of aesthetics, ergonomics and insolation decisions on planning and associating a building or structure to the environment. Solar lighting is simulated by a combination of several directional lightning point sources. The author offers a brief description of the program algorithm, which allows automatically managing lighting settings and creating a file with a realistic visualization of the design solutions.

On the basis of the scheme of mental map the methodological sequence of educational technologies on the initial stages of high school training on architectural discipline is considered. Dichotomy of architectural activity is specified: both design and implementation process supervising.Professional consciousness of an architect is a subject of development, analysis and selection of design options and an object of creative skills accumulation, both orthodox, which includes mastering of technical disciplines and compositional−art skills, and transcendental, supervised by psychological mechanisms, in particular, associative thinking.