The emphasis of modern critics shifts from discussions on formal issues (stylistics, decorative components, imagery) to the content issues of environment organization, materialized by town-planning actions. The prospects of the destruction of the existing town structure by spontaneous infill construction are quite realistic, which requires not only critical discussion, but also strong opposition to antisocial forces. A city stopped to be a comfortable environment for a human.A number of estimations is put forward, which characterize negative trends in modern city architecture. They represent the object of technical analysis and positive recommendations, which should be regarded a creative mechanism of influence on the practice through the theory.The intensity of social and economic transformations as givenness of modern reality radically changes the mentality, esthetic and space perception of the living environment, opinions on the value interrelation of new and old in building. All these requires heightened positive reasoning and constructive, maybe even tough actions.The danger of losing the face of Russian architecture is also essential. The reason for this is in epidemic copying by native architects, who are fascinated by foreign masterpieces eccentricity.

When designing buildings and structures located on the territory of explosive plants, it is necessary to calculate the maximum load that can occur during emergency explosions. The buildings should be designed with regard to the obtained values of explosive load. When performing such calculations designers face the following problem. The calculations based on simple formulas and simplified physical ideas about the process of explosion, lead to a considerable overestimation of the parameters of explosive load. This leads to unjustified increase of the price of construction. Performing precise numerical calculations is not essentially possible due to the fact that we don’t know the initial and boundary conditions for the development of accidental explosion.This publication is an attempt to find a compromise in respect of this issue. Calculation scheme should be simple enough, but should accurately describe the physical processes related to the formation and distribution of explosive load in the enterprise territory.The article considers a methodology of calculating the propagation of shock waves and waves of compression, which are formed by accidental explosions in the atmosphere. The wave flows propagation is considered on the territories adjacent to the explosive objects. The method is based on the conservation laws written in the integral form, which allows carrying out calculations for discontinuous boundary and initial conditions.The calculations take into account the actual location of buildings and constructions in the territory under consideration. This allows determining the influence of buildings and structures on the distribution of the blast wave. The article presents the results of calculating the propagation of blast waves on the territory of a real explosive object. The article provides the basic data, which designers need for designing buildings in explosion version.

Classic pursuit problem is studied with two material points — a Pursuer and an Evader, who move in plane at constant speeds. The velocity vector of the Evader does not change its direction and the velocity vector of the Pursuer turns and is always aimed at the Evader. If the Pursuer moves at a higher speed, he will overtake the Pursued for any initial angle between velocity vectors.The mechanical path geometry is established. The path line rotates around the origin of coordinates so that at the final meeting point the line tangent to the motion trajectory always coincides with the velocity vector of the Evader. The two-parameter integral for the length of the pursuit curve is considered, its asymptotics up to quartic is calculated on the assumption that the speed of the Pursuer is much higher than the speed of the Evader. Rapid convergence of the asymptotics to the integral for the path length is provided by the absence of the first and third members of the asymptotic expansion. Numerical computation of the path length is compared to the asymptotic formulas. Calculations show that the resulting asymptotics is a good approximation of the integral for the path length, and the quartic in the asymptotic formulas significantly improves the approximation.

This work is dedicated to finding bifurcation points for a special mechanical system comprised of a pendulum hanging on a spherical joint. Its motion and positions depend on one parameter: the angular velocity around the axis. When the parameter grows uninterruptedly, the system passes through a discrete sequence of bifurcation points: when the parameter has a small value, the mass of pendulum meanwhile has special configuration, it makes the simple rotation near its balance position. The increase of the parameter up to the first point of bifurcation deviates the pendulum from balance: now it is a conic pendulum. The consequent increase of the parameter the friction in the hinge causes the precession and then the vertical gyroscope motion. Their parameters are calculated and there are mechanical interpretations for them. For example, at the first point of bifurcation we have congruence of rotary motion and oscillation of the pendulum. At the second point there is a change in the configuration of the conic pendulum. Physical interpretations are given at the third, the fourth, the fifth and the sixth points of bifurcation where the masses reach the first, the second, the third and the forth cosmic velocities respectively. Also the article demonstrates a new method of accelerating masses to cosmic velocities.The article is of theoretical character and the ideas of G.M.T. Tompson, V.I. Arnold, A.A. Andronov, V.S. Lenev are used in it.

The article focuses on the problem of calculating seismic impact on structures. The article studies the impact of structures on the changes in seismic load parameters. Studies are conducted with the use of direct dynamic calculation methods implementing explicit integration schemes equations of motion. Two computational models of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings on elastic half-space are considered: 9 and 16 storeys. The solution of the problem is found in time domain by direct integration of the equations of motion for the explicit scheme using software package LS-DYNA. The foundation simulation is performed using solid finite elements, and the bearing structures of buildings — using solid shell finite elements. The external action applied in the horizontal direction X is shown by accelerogram. Synthesized accelerogram is obtained by the Institute of Physics of the Earth of the Russian Academy of Sciences for Imereti lowland region, city of Sochi. In the study the authors used a specially developed method of calculation based on the algorithm of the base-structure interaction (interface soil-structure interaction). This algorithm can effectively simulate the interaction with linear and nonlinear deformable half-space in the form of a limited array with "transparent" borders. The results show that neglecting the change in external seismic impact parameters caused by the influence of the structures leads to errors in calculation results, which in turn can lead to deficiency of the bearing capacity and seismic resistance of building structures designed in seismic regions. When using the accepted methods of earthquake calculation based on existing regulations, the original design accelerograms should be set considering the dynamic characteristics of the designed buildings.

This summary report is based on the experimental and numerical research of thin-walled cross-section’s compression resistance carried out in St. Petersburg State Polytechnical University. Current situation on the Russian market concerning the usage of cold-formed thin walled cross-sections is aimed at finding out a base foundation to start up a stipulation of the elements under discussion in the building industry. Some questions about the compression resistance of such cross-sections were raised at different conferences by scientific community and such companies as Arsenal ST, Baltprofile (Russia) and Rautaruukki Oyj (Finland). In this field a number of Doctoral theses have been defended during recent years in Russia (A.R. Tusnin, G.I. Belyy, I.V. Astakhov, D.V. Kuz'menko). Steel galvanized Cand U-profiles and thermo-profiles are the types of thin-walled cross-sections are normally used in small houses construction. Thermo-profiles have slots in webs that decrease the thermal flow through the web, but have negative effect on strength of the profiles. Reticular-stretched thermo-profile is a new type of thin-walled cross-sections that found its place on Russian market. These profiles were an object of the research. The carried out investigations included tests to prove the compression resistance of the thin-walled cross-sections. The compression tests as a result showed the behavior of stud’s profile under critical load. The specimen was compressed under various loads and deformation was recorded. In order to get buckling force a load-deformation diagram was plotted and analyzed. Analytical modeling of thin-walled cross-sections was done with contemporary analysis software (SCAD Office) using finite element method (FEM). During the modeling process the thin-walled profile based on shelland bar-elements were created and buckling analysis task showed good results.

The co-authors present the main results of experiments dealing with the study of strength properties of the support areas of common, whole, pre-stressed, eccentrically tensioned and compressed reinforced concrete beams. New destruction patterns of support areas of said structures are identified and their dependence on the appropriate relationship of the studied factors was established. A new general engineering method to calculate the strength of support areas of such elements which is based upon a selection and sequential analysis of possible destruction patterns was developed.

Urban conditions are characterized by geographical and climatic features, geotechnical and hydrogeological conditions. But the main features are architecture, urban planning and engineering infrastructure solutions. This includes roads, water mains, electrical networks, sewage, heating system. Saturation of urban areas by engineering services depends on the size of the city, its population and climatic conditions. Metropoles and cities with long heating season are of particular importance in terms of this issue.The article discusses the need for full-scale investigation of the distribution of temperature field in the soil and underlying sediments during the engineering and environmental surveys in urban environment. In order to study the transfer of heat and moisture in clay soils and to assess its influence on their physical and mechanical properties the authors propose the principles of interaction simulation of the soil and the thermal field. We propose a preliminary methodology for monitoring the temperature and humidity of the soil mass under the influence of heat-conveying communications. Among these communications there are heating, water mains, hot water supply and sewerage.The location of the communications in the near-surface soil mass and the presence of sufficiently high temperature loads from mains are taken into account. To date there is no information on the monitoring of the nature of the distribution of the soils temperature field in urban areas and, accordingly, the spatial variability of the physical and mechanical properties of soils under natural conditions.The reason for it is in short term of geotechnical investigations for specified objects on the stage of project documentation development. Also in the conditions of a city it's almost impossible to place an experimental site with expensive facilities — wells and equipment and provide its safety for a long time (at last 1 year or more).The paper describes the laboratory setup and principles of equipment monitoring systems in field conditions, the basic principles of the experimental work techniques. The theoretical generalization of the results of methodological experiments and conduct large-scale field experiments is a challenge for further research.

This article deals with structural inspection of the flaws caused by such factors as overloading, differential settlements of construction’s foundation, etc. In order to detect them and define their type and size, modern non destructive equipment such as ultrasonic tomography mira1040 and ultrasonic flaw detector A 1212 MASTER are used. Since cracks increase the stress, they are one of most dangerous defects, so some calculation for analyzing stresses distributions near the crack tip and the whole construction stress redistribution caused by cracking are required. Such calculations are rather complicated, that's why the most suitable methods are computational methods.Practical application of FEM is known as finite element analysis (FEA). FEA is applied in engineering as a computational tool for performing engineering analysis. In this research Finite Element Method is used for defining danger level caused by cracking in a construction, whether it is a through crack or a surface crack. Two types of meshing near the crack tip were considered. The first is refined mesh near the crack tip, it is done using finite elements of smaller size therefore increasing the number of elements and calculation time. The second mesh is done by skewing mid side nodes of the first row of elements to the 1/4 point for crack tip, so the elements number does not increase, the same as calculation time, while accuracy of calculating stresses near the crack tip matches the accuracy in case of refined mesh.As a research result this article describes the methods of detecting and analyzing the structures that have been flawed during the building operation.

The article focuses on such buildings as Moscow Central Post Office, State Museum of Fine Arts and GUM. All these buildings were constructed by famous Russian engineer Shukhov V.G. His 160th anniversary is celebrated in 2013.The skylight rectangular in the plan is a covering of General hall in Moscow Central Post Office. It has 3 tiers of glazing. The framework of this tier is a frame structure, which is based on the circumference on the cantilever trusses and, in addition, is hanging on the main trusses of the marquise. The bearing construction of the external lantern consists of ordinary, diagonal and bracing riveted trusses.The covering construction of State Museum of Fine Arts is a combined system, which consists of 2 types of metal trusses. The trusses located under the lamp are of polygonal shape and are bearing constructions for the attic floor, lower and middle glazing contours, as well as for lantern trusses. Lantern trusses of triangular shape serve for attachment of the external glazing contour and areas of metal roofing on the ridge, in the support zones and in the valley.Trading house of GUM has arch translucent covering. Bearing constructions of these coverings are roof arches of circular shape with cross shaped tie beams. Roof boarding was set on the booms made of rolled tees for glazing attachment. Lantern trusses have triangular shape and serve for attachment of an external contour glazing and plots metal roofing on the ridge, in the support zones and in the valley.The article presents the results of examinations, which have been performed by different organizations for the last 30 years.All these buildings are monuments of cultural heritage and they need constant supervision. The covering construction of Moscow Central Post Office needs repair and reconstruction.

Urbochargers are important components to minimize the petrol consumption of modern gasoline engines. The temperature in the turbocharger housings can reach until1.050 °C. Due to this reason, high heat resistant stainless steel, like the material DIN1.4848 with a high quantity of nickel (up to 25 %) and chrome (up to 20 %) is used in this application. During metal cutting operations the temperature at the cutting edge will increase due to the high quantity of nickel and the abrasive wear will be created by the chrome carbides within the cast material. The material hardness can increase by the machining process. Drilling and threading are one of the most critical machining operations in this material, because a huge frication area exists between the material and the tool. This provokes a high friction and the possibility of built-up-edge at the cutting edge which provides the rapid wear of the tool. In this part of the development project the tool life of different threading tools was analyzed. Taps in HSS-Co-PM and solid carbide were available for the tool life tests. The possibility to use the cold forming technology for threading was also analyzed. The strength of the internal threads was tested with pull out tests according DIN 898-2.

In the article the authors present the data of laboratory researches of geosynthetic grid samples based on polyamide-6, taken from the embankment slopes constructions of different light after 9 years of operation. The samples of geosynthetic grid EnkamatS20 were selected from the ground constructions of Svyataya Kanavka (Holy Groove) in the South of the Nizhny Novgorod region, the village of Diveevo, constructed in 2003 for the erosion preventive fixing of the slopes of the ditch and a shaft. The village of Diveevo is situated in a zone of clearly expressed continental climate, characterized by hot summers and cold winters. In the process of exploitation of ground structures in the period from 2003 to 2012, there was a decline in the protective properties of the lawn and turf, which was reflected in violation of the integrity of cover, including on the slopes of the ditch and of a shaft of a southern exposure, which are not sheltered from the direct streams of the sun. The similar situation was observed on deeply shaded slopes of a Northern exposure covered with trees and shrubs, as well as on the slopes of the bottom of the ditch, where the sun streams didn’t reach. From these mostly unprotected places in 2012 samples of geosynthetic grid Enkamat-S20 were selected in order to define the influence of the lighting conditions of slopes on the operational properties of Enkamat-S20 for 9 years of operation. According to the obtained data the residual tensile strength for each series of samples of geosynthetic grid Enkamat-S20 was identified. The influence of light intensity on the operational properties was evaluated by the highest residual tensile strength of the investigated samples compared to the passport strength value of geosynthetic grid Enkamat-S20. As a result of the research it was established, that the deeply shaded areas for 9 years of operation the reduction of tensile strength for samples of geosynthetic grid Enkamat-S20 amounted to 4.5 % and 6 % respectively. In the intensively lighted area the strength loss amounted to 39.5 % due to destruction of synthetic fiber. In the conditions of partial shadow the strength loss amounted to 25 %. As a result of the studies the authors offer the data on the lighting conditions impact on the operational properties of geosynthetic grid on the example of Enkamat-S20 upon condition disturbing the integrity of the lawn and turf, which are a natural protective shield.

In the last decades in a number of countries burned clays have been used as a pozzolanic additives to the concrete, which is connected with their universal distribution and cost savings due to reduction of long-distance transportation of the additives. The haydite dust is the co-product of the haydite gravel. At every enterprise of haydite gravel about 7-8 tons of haydite dust are daily formed. The haydite dust represents thermally activated clay. Its structure includes a certain amount of non-dehydrated clay and dehydrated clay minerals with crystal lattices of different levels of defects. Previously the authors described the compositions of cost-effective composite gypsum binding materials produced with complex mineral additive, including lime, a ground haudite dust and the superplasticizer possessing the durability at compression up to 27 MPa and coefficient of softening up to 0,78. In this paper the authors investigated the composition and structure of artificial stone on the basis of the developed composite gypsum binder. As a basic binder building plaster is used. In the research work the X-ray phase analysis, the differential thermal analysis, electron microscopy and the standard methods of research of concrete porosity were used. The introduction in composition of gypsum binder with a complex mineral additive allows to receive an artificial stone with more dense and finegrained structure, durability and water resistance in comparison with original binder without any additive. The content of ettringite in the course of hardening does not increase. The formation of low based low-main hydrosilicates of the calcium filling steam structure of a gypsum stone, forming additional contacts between the gypsum crystals, raising stone water resistance is established.

In the article the author develops uniform integrated criterion of fibrous heat-insulating materials assessment, which reflects all the aspects of their life cycle. When developing such criterion both computational and expert methods of assessment are used. The uniform ecological safety assessment system will allow to carry out assessment of materials of heat-insulating application adequately beginning with the scientific point of view at all levels and stages of the life cycle from specifying competitive strength of the uppliers in the market and to an ecological situation in the given area.When developing the uniform criterion the author uses the approach offered by Charles A.S. Hall (State University of New York) for efficiency assessment of fuel production (energy return on investment — EROI). The offered criterion provides the analysis of thermal energy quantity, which allows to keep a heat-insulating material throughout the year, the energy referred to expenses on life cycle of a considered heater. As a methodical base for calculations the methods of the theory of risks can be used (Elmeri, Fine-Kinney methods, etc.), an important role is played by quality management methods (for example, creation of charts of Walter Andrew Shewhart). Besides, there already exist acknowledged methods of building materials assessment: methods of parameters grid generation, ecological sieves, ecological trace, backpacks with impacts on environment, etc. The most important factor of the analysis of an offered indicator is discounting of the indicators connected with economy or expenses of energy resources as it allows to increase objectivity of an assessment. Besides, the article offers the way of analyzing emissions of greenhouse gases throughout life cycle of heat-insulating materials. In particular, it is offered to count the decrease of greenhouse gases emissions by reducingenergy consumption taking account for the number of emissions of COlife cycle.on the whole

Culture in ecology is a research area founded in Russia by Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev in 1979. Like any science, it has its target of research (World Culture), its purpose — the preservation of national cultures, its own generalization method related to the method of ecology. Culture in ecology is a scientific discipline. It is not a part of the environment, as it has a separate subject of study. It can be considered a part of the noosphere theory. Culture as a whole is vast human creation, which includes creative, handicraft and other skills related to agriculture, development of the planet's resources, education and training of children, the highest ideals of human being, engineering, arts, protecting the environment and cultural heritage.Culture is a means of managing material noospheric objects. Culture ecology studies the creativity, engineering, and economic interactions in the society and their impact on the human environment, because it is closely connected to ecology. Culture ecology should be developed in order to manage the biosphere or even the noosphere as rationally constructed megasystem consisting of natural and man-made objects. Noosphere as an ideal state of the environment does not exist in reality. It is far from predation and barbarism in terms of using natural resources. Today the principles of culture ecology are based on the development of projects of recreating historic landscapes, historic buildings and structures for the purposes of modern society. In the report the author focuses on two examples of such work: the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow and the Frauenkirche in Dresden. They are the examples of constructions corresponding to the requirements for ecological facilities and cultural experience. They should be considered the islands of noosphere in the modern imperfect world and science. The combination of old and new is a tricky thing. It is easy to destroy the balance between old guardian of the spirit, and new functioning elements of the statutes for the modern society needs. It is easy to upset the balance and thus give rise for objections from one side or another. The debates on inclusion old and new parts should be going in the process of rebuilding objects in new social environment.

The authors analyzed energy infrastructure in Russia in 2012 and main directions of its development. They collected information about planning documents, which helped to develop the energy system and its capacity. They show the basic principles of construction, commissioning, operation and decommissioning of the network infrastructure and the changes in the installed capacity.At the same time, the development of energy infrastructure in Russia is carried out with the aim of improving the Unified Energy System of Russia.The main objectives of the Unified Energy System of Russia in 2012 were to ensure safe operation, coordinated, planned construction and commissioning, decommissioning of network infrastructure and generation capacity.Construction, commissioning and decommissioning of network infrastructure and generation capacity were carried out based on the following principles:optimization of the structure of electric power facilities; advanced growth of network infrastructure compared to the development of generation, taking into account the principle of reasonable redundancy;synchronous development of large strategic power plants, including electrical networks and distributed generation;preservation of slight advance in the rate of development of coal generation as compared with the gas generation;«forced» modernization;transition from the separate production of electricity, heat and cold to their predominantly cogeneration and trigeneration;innovative development. Identifying promising technologies and creating demonstration facilities. Development of the domestic power.At the same time, the principle of "forced" modernization obviously showed that the former model of "energy superpower", which was created using raw Soviet legacy in terms of the price boom has exhausted itself. Therefore forced modernization is inevitable. The most obvious is the transition from separate production of electricity, heat and cold to their predominantly cogeneration and trigeneration

In the article it is stated that hydraulic turbines of low pressure mini power plants are not subject to great loads from water flow. Because of that in such hydropower plants it is possible to use the turbines that are cheaper and simpler from a design point of view. The authors offer the description of a developed simplified orthogonal hydraulic turbine using the energy of the water flow. It is suggested to make the blades hollow. It is also suggested to use curved sheet surfaces for the forcing and backside surfaces of blades. Such a design would reduce the consumption of materials and manufacturing costs for a hydraulic turbine.The research is aimed at studying the water flow conditions in the blade area of the proposed hydraulic turbine design. Research methods include mathematical simulation using the software package ANSYS.The results of investigation of water low bypass for such a hydroturbine design obtained with a mathematical model are given.It is proved that the existing design features, and in particular the slits have no detrimental effect on the parameters of the water flow in the immediate vicinity of an orthogonal hydraulic turbine blade. Basing on the research it has been concluded that the use of a designed simplified orthogonal hydraulic turbine is expedient for low pressure mini and micro hydropower plants.

It is common in design practice to install check valves and regulating valves at penstocks of pumping stations.The peculiarity of the valves characteristics is essential increase in the coefficient of resistance with a decreasing rotary disc angle. In order to describe the flow characteristic around zero opening of the valve, this characteristic can be presented as the connection of flow coefficient and the angle of the disc rotation. At small angles the disc flow coefficient tends to zero.In case of transient calculations, the work of the gate can be modeled by one of three algorithms. In algorithm 1 the loss at the gate is determined by solving the chain equations of water hammer on the areas adjacent to the gate using the flow characteristics of the valve as boundary conditions.The distinguishing feature is that the boundary condition has to be written in two forms: with the positive flow direction for turbine mode and with negative — for pump mode. For the solution adequacy the radical expression in the flow formula is required to remain positive with the opposite directions of flow. This is achieved by changing the dependencies used to drop the gate.In both cases, the solution will be a quadratic equation with opposite signs of the coefficients. One of the roots gives the correct value of the head loss. The second root is parasitic, it shows significantly overestimated values of pressure loss, and should be ignored.The disadvantage of the algorithm 1 is its buildup in the transition flow through zero due to the delay in switching algorithm from one branch to another, and taking into account parasitic square equation root.The algorithms 2 and 3 are devoid of this disadvantage. Substitution of water hammer of head losses in them is made in the chain equation. The losses are calculated with the help of variable resistance coefficient, which depends on the position of the valve disc and the velocity head.In the algorithm 2 the velocity head is calculated with the help of the known data of flow at the previous step. In the algorithm 3 the losses are calculated more precisely with the flow through the gate and the known flow at the previous step.The analysis of the calculation conditions of pressure loss in the process of simulating water hammer in pressure control valve systems showed that the most stable and consistent result is provided by the method for calculating losses according to the algorithm 3. The system of partial differential equations is reduced to a linear form, providing stability of the solution at high values of the resistance coefficient, as well as during the flow transition through zero.

The article shows the prospects of the development of small-scale power engineering in Russia. Today, the development of small-scale power engineering faces many problems in our country. The legislative support required for the development is insufficient. Another great problem is financing. The article describes such a form of financing as leasing.The essence of leasing contract is presented.Leasing is a form of financing when the owner of an asset (the lessor) temporarily transfers the right to use an asset (and sometimes other ownership rights and obligations) to another party (the lessee). The lessor typically makes the lease for a specified time in return for a lump sum or periodic rental payments from the lessee.The chief advantage of leasing is that it provides an alternative to ownership. Lessees also benefit from a number of tax advantages.The article shows the advantages of leasing for the small-scale power generation and its functions.

The possibility of placing orders in the form of public competition is confirmed in law clarification published jointly by Russian Ministry of Economic Development and Federal Anti-Monopoly Service of Russia. Moreover, the analyses and official letters of the Federal Antimonopoly Service recommend to place the orders for construction design in a form of public competition, considering the design work more as creative activity, when initially it is impossible to establish an objective and comprehensive requirements to the quality of work. And, thus, the main advantage of electronic auction is not achieved — that is determining the winner basing on minimum price offer among the bidders who meet pre-set quality requirements.The practice of already conducted design auctions shows that the price offer of the bidder is directly proportional to the quality that he is willing to offer. Moreover, the price reduction is often unreasonable, which can result in either very low quality or work collapse. At this point, placing orders for construction designing and research works in a form of public competition has a number of advantages over the electronic auction system. They are: high-quality and timely work performance due to the establishment of the most important for customer evaluation criteria of the bidders. However, there are also drawbacks. The public competition is the most difficult and the most time-consuming procedure of public procurement methods. Notification of placing an order has to be published on the official website for at least 30 days prior to the closing date and the date of disclosing the bids.In order to prevent corruption the bidders file their applications in sealed envelopes so that the information about the bid remains confidential until the opening of the envelopes. Moreover, the procedure of opening the envelopes is public, it is held at predetermined time and location specified in tender documents, so that each bidder had the right to attend it, make sure that all the envelopes with applications were sealed before the opening, listen and evaluate the content of applications and proposals of other bidders. Then, in a period of no more than 20 days, the tender committee of the customer privately carries out the procedure of applications processing for compliance with the requirements established in accordance with the Law 94FZ, and makes decisions about admission or denial for further tender in respect of each bidder who has filed an application.

The educational process organization on extra-mural courses in a university is generally developed and corresponds to the requirements of the state educational standards and curricula. It provides a small share of in-class work with teaching staff (25–30 %), and most of the time is devoted to independent work of students in intersessional period.Due to the limited time the methodical aspects of lecturing in the course of full-time education can't be used with part-time students. The author describes the importance and opportunities of the most effective types of lectures: orientation, overview and summarizing lectures for the organization of students' independent work.Depending on the nature, complexity and importance of the issues and their role and place in the structure of graphic disciplines and training process it is proposed to use a combination of explanatory-illustrative and problem methods of narration in the lectures. This form of presentation significantly increases the effectiveness of learning.The proposed approaches to the application of information technology in the process of lecturing is designed to assist the lecturer in disclosing educational topics and facilitates understanding and mastering the lectures content by students. This technology of training and lecturing for graphic disciplines allows us to significantly increase the amount of material presented, making it more vivid and understandable. It is aimed at improving the training level of a modern civil engineer after part-time education.

The article examines the modern monographs on fracture mechanics, strength, durability and crack resistance of building materials of the following European authors: Zaitsev U.V., Leonovich S.N., Schneider U., Eberhardshtayner E. The article presents the biographical data about the authors, their achievements in education and science, as well as the summary and analysis of the considered monographs.In the book of Zaitsev and Leonovich "The Strength and Durability of Structural Materials with Crack" the authors state, that the increase in reliability and durability of building structures and reinforced concrete structures the same as increase in concrete strength and optimization of its nonrigid features is one of the ways of solving urgent problems in the field of construction.The authors of the monograph "Structure, Strength and Fracture Mechanics of Concrete under Biaxial and Triaxial Compression" present the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of the common, extra strong, centrifugalled concretes and haydite concrete of various structures.In the monograph "Strength and Fracture Toughness of Structural Building Materials under Complex Stress State" the results of experimental and theoretical studies of the wood and concrete of various structures behavior under Biaxial and Triaxial Compression are presented.The monographs are destined for postgraduate students, candidates for a doctor's degree, scientific and engineering-technical workers of scientific and research centers and engineering companies.