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Heroic tunes and patriotic motives in moscow architecture of the 1940-1950s

Вестник МГСУ 8/2015
  • Gatsunaev Konstantin Nikolaevich - Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU) Candidate of Philosophical Sciences, Associate Professor, Department of History and Philosophy, Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) (MGSU), 26 Yaroslavskoe shosse, Moscow, 129337, Russian Federation; Этот e-mail адрес защищен от спам-ботов, для его просмотра у Вас должен быть включен Javascript .

Страницы 18-29

Historically, Moscow architecture in its development has been following the political trends of the Russian society, and it is clearly reflected in the appearance and quality of Moscow buildings. The author discusses the most observable features and structural principles attributed to Soviet architecture in the middle of the 20th century and uses Moscow monuments as examples. The article is based on the analysis and systematization of spatial planning, architectural, design, and historical sources considering post-war Moscow architecture. The author proposes a historical approach to the problem of correlation between the architecture and post-war Soviet socio-cultural realities. The development of architecture demonstrates different features in different historical epochs. The victorious end of the World War II and crushing defeat of German Nazism generated intensive growth of patriotic emotions in the Soviet society. Heroic tunes and patriotic motives became the brightest features in Soviet architecture. The development of the Soviet architecture between 1945-1955 was determined by different factors. The author discusses the problem of consistency between the existing architectural environment of Moscow city centre and new architectural planning solutions, created by D.N. Chechulin. The importance of historical continuity and consistency of spatial planning policies of the urban development documentation such as the Master plot plan of Moscow (1951) is emphasized. New relations between Soviet government and Russian Orthodox Church were established in the end of the 1940s. Thereby, Soviet architects widely used the decorative elements and compositional principles of ancient Russian architecture. The column order of the Empire style became a required sample for Soviet architects. This style is built according to classical rules, although it has substantial deviations. The Government directives and skills of architects developed an own language of architectural forms typical for so-called “Stalin’s Empire” style.

DOI: 10.22227/1997-0935.2015.8.18-29

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